Chasing Gold: The Incredible Story of How the Nazis Stole Europe's Bullion (74 page)
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Authors: George M. Taber
BOOK: Chasing Gold: The Incredible Story of How the Nazis Stole Europe's Bullion
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3.
Accepted the proposal: NACP RG 260, Box 423, 940.304. Nuremberg Trial May 15, 1945 session.
4.
There were four shipments: NACP RG 260, Box 423, 940.304. December 4, 1945 report by A.I. Edelman to Donald W Curtis.
5.
Currency to jewelry:
Ibid
. Colonel Bernard Bernstein reports to Lt. General Lucius Clay for April 1945 and May 1945. IMT 3951-PS.
6.
Work with the
SS
: Three interrogation statements made by Albert Thoms. NACP RG 260, Box 423, 940.304.
7.
To the bank: IMT PS-445. Statement of Albert Thoms, September 19, 1945.
8.
Reichsbank on January 27, 1945: NACP RG 260, Box 423, 940.304, July 18, 1947 Colonel Bernard Bernstein monthly May 1945 report, OMGUS AG, 1945-46.ort to Lt. General Lucius Clay, part II. TD, Box 330, Folder 7645.
9.
Deposits to be $14.5 million: NACP RG 260 AG 1945-1946.
10.
Policy of extermination: NACP RG 260 AG 1945-1946.
11.
The same level: William Slany,
U.S. and Allied Efforts to Recover and Restore Gold and Other Assets Stolen or Hidden by Germany During World War II
, pp. 157-163.
12.
Central bank bullion:
Bergier Independent Commission
, final report, p. 249.
CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE: PROCRASTINATION ITALIAN STYLE
1.
Invasion of the mainland: Gerhard L. Weinberg,
A World at Arms
, pp. 593-601.
2.
Not forsake me: Robert Forczyk,
Rescuing Mussolini—Gran Sasso 1943
, pp. 5-15.
3.
That too was nixed: Sergio Cardarelli and Renata Martano,
I Nazisti e L’Oro della Banca d’Italia
, p. 3.
4.
Berlin on September 17, 1943: TCA Italian Report. NACP RG59/62D115 Box 20. Albert Thoms Interrogation, April 12, 1945. NACP RG 2650/390/46/9/2 Box 424.
5.
Investment in Italy: Gianni Toniolo,
Central Bank Cooperation at the Bank for International Settlements 1930-1973
, p. 252.
6.
Different secure place:
Thomas McKittrick Papers
, Harvard Business School Library, Series 2. Business Papers, Letters and memos, October 1942-August 1945.
7.
Have control of it: Sergio Cardarelli and Renata Martano,
I Nazisti e L’Oro della Banca d’Italia
p. 15.
8.
Also simply disappeared: London Gold Conference, pp. 324-325.
9.
Ton from Greece: Sergio Cardarelli and Renata Martano,
I Nazisti e L’Oro della Banca d’Italia
p. 150.
10.
Italy central banker: London Gold Conference, p. 324.
11.
Store a country’s gold:
German Bundesbank, Dokumentation das im Kriege Nach Deutschland Verbrachet Münzgold Italiens, Hergoz Report
.
12.
An iron trellis:
German Bundesbank, Dokumentation das im Kriege Nach Deutschland Verbrachet Münzgold Italiens, Hergoz Report
.
13.
Officials accompanied it: Sergio Cardarelli and Renata Martano,
I Nazisti e L’Oro della Banca d’Italia
, pp. 22-23.
14.
Shipment to Basel: London Conference, pp. 325-326. ICB Asbi.Segretariato Generale, pratt, n 995, fasc.2
15.
To his institution: London Gold Conference, pp. 325-326.
16.
Three days later: Sergio Cardarelli and Renata Martano,
I Nazisti e L’Oro della Banca d’Italia
, pp. 28-34.
17.
Bank of France: London Gold Report, p. 337 and TCA Italian case. NACP RG59/62D115 Box 20.
18.
Bank of Italy:
Ibid
.
19.
Their old friend: Thomas McKittrick Papers, Harvard Business School Library, Series 2.Business Papers, Letters and memos, October 1942-August 1945.
20.
Allowed him to use: Biographical Dictionary of Italians, www.treccani.it/enciclopedia.
21.
More than demanded: NACP Record Group.226, CIA, doc. 7185. Robert Katz,
The Battle for Rome
, pp. 74-75.
22.
In Kaltenbrunner’s office: NACP Record Group.226, Entry 112, Misc. X-2 Files, Box 1, Folder 5, Italian Decodes.
CHAPTER TWENTY-SIX: PARTNERS IN GOLD
1.
Will be ours: Bergier Commission Report Final Report.
International Commission of Experts Switzerland: National Socialism and the Second World War
, pp. 223-238. Funk speech in Rome GFAB 25.01/70/18/1 p. 549.
2.
Hide its provenance: Interview transcript of Thomas McKittrick, Princeton University Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library. NACP RC 59 800.515/5-646. Bergier Commission Final Report, p. 12.
3.
Fences and creditors: Jean Ziegler,
The Swiss, the Gold, and the Dead
, p. 18.
4.
In Swiss francs: Bergier Commission Final Report, p. 239.
5.
To take either:
Ibid
., p. 241-254.
6.
From German attack:
Ibid
.
7.
In August 1942:
Ibid
., p. 250.
8.
Had been looted:
Ibid
, p. 239.
9.
Stolen Belgian gold:
Ibid
., p. 252.
10.
Administered the account: Jean Ziegler,
The Swiss, the Gold, and the Dead
, p. 6.
11.
With the BIS: Thomas McKittrick Interview, Princeton University Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library. Gianni Toniolo,
Central Bank Cooperation at the Bank for International Settlements
, g. 246.
12.
About Puhl’s travels: Donald P. Steury,
The OSS and Project SAFEHAVEN
.
13.
The Marshall Plan: Gianni Toniolo,
Central Bank Cooperation at the Bank for International Settlements
, p. 224. Thomas McKittrick Interview, Princeton University Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library.
14.
Not go unpunished: Gianni Toniolo,
Central Bank Cooperation at the Bank for International Settlements
, p. 246. Armand Van Dormael,
Bretton Woods,
p. 205.
15.
Business with Berlin: NYFED, Letter from Rooth to Harrison received November 14, 1939, Folder C 261 Sweden.
16.
Worth of gold: Bergier Commision Final Report, p. 241-254.
17.
Million in liquidated assets: London Gold Conference, Swedish papers, pp. 456-466. London Gold Conference, p. 712.
18.
With the Allies: Nazi Gold: The London Conference, pp. 427-479.
19.
Converted into dollars: Antonio Louça and Ansgar Schäfer,
Portugal and the Nazi Gold
, p. 24.
20.
All but 3.9 tons: William Slany study
U.S. and Allied Wartime and Postwar Relations and Negotiations with Argentina, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and Turkey
, p. xxxix. Interim Swiss Gold Transaction Report, appendix 1.
21.
Between 1942 and 1944: Clinton Administration’s Gold Team
Final Report,
p. 42.
22.
Payment for tungsten: Jean Ziegler,
The Swiss, the Gold, and the Dead
, p. 72. May 21, 1946 U.S. diplomatic cable from Madrid to Washington.
23.
Destined for Bucharest: Thomas McKittrick Papers, Harvard Business School Library, Business Papers, Letters and memos, October 1942-August 1945.
24.
At a Swiss bank: NACP RG 260/390/46/9/2 Box 424, 940.603. RG 43.
25.
Tons of bullion: Murat Önsoy,
The World War Two Allied Economic Warfare: The Case of Turkish Chrome Sales
, pp. 1-20.
26.
Tons of gold: Jonathan Steinberg,
The Deutsche Bank and Its Gold Transactions during the Second World War
, 13-38.
27.
The Reich surrendered: Johanes Bähr,
Der Goldhandle der Dresdner Bank im Zweiten Weltkrieg
, pp. 149-160.
28.
Its German initials: Peter Hayes,
From Cooperation to Complicity
, pp. 9-15.
29.
Holland and Belgium: NACP RG 260, 910.304.
CHAPTER TWENTY-SEVEN: THE ALLIES FINALLY CRACK DOWN
1.
Making generous profits: November 14, 1945 monthly report to General Clay,
Fold 3
, #286968215.
2.
In world markets: William J. Clinton Presidential Library, Clinton Administration, Gold Team Report, pp. 262-27. HM Diary 698:159.
3.
With the allies: Martin Lorenz-Meyer,
Safehaven
, p. 39.
4.
Currency in Germany: David Rees,
Harry Dexter White
, p. 177.
5.
Code name Kostov: Michael Beschloss,
The Conquerors
, p. 152.
6.
Should be done: David Rees,
Harry Dexter White
, p. 248.
7.
In the past: John Morton Blum,
Roosevelt and Morgenthau
, p. 572.
8.
Have wasted away: HM 766:35-38. HM 770:17-33.
9.
On soup kitchens: David Rees,
Harry Dexter White
, p. 262.
10.
A military parade: Henry Morgenthau Jr.,
Germany Is Our Problem
, pp. 1-4.
11.
Roosevelt said little: John Morton Blum,
Roosevelt and Morgenthau
, p. 594.
12.
Beg like Fala: Michael Besschloss,
The Conquerors
, p. 130.
13.
Foreign Secretary angrily objected: John Morton Blum,
Roosevelt and Morgenthau
, pp. 595-596.
14.
His close friend: Martin Lorenz-Meyer,
Safehaven
, pp. 82-84.
15.
Control Technical Manual:
Ibid
., pp. 92-93.
16.
In the conflict:
Ibid
., pp. 71-72.
17.
Within two years: Yale University, Avalon Project. Yalta Conference final communiqué, http://avalon.law.yale.edu/wwii/yalta.asp.
18.
Fate of all Germans: Albert Speer,
Inside the Third Reich
, p. 433.
19.
The Bulge attack: John Dietrich,
Morgenthau Plan
, pp. 70-72, 82.
20.
World War III: Henry Morgenthau, Jr.,
Germany is Our Problem
, p. 10.
21.
To delay publication: John Morton Blum,
Roosevelt and Morgenthau
, p. 627.
22.
One hundred percent: John Morton Blum,
Years of War
, pp. 415-420.
CHAPTER TWENTY-EIGHT: RICH DISCOVERY IN A SALT MINE
1.
War was over: Hugh Trevor-Roper,
The Goebbels Diary
, pp. xxix-xxxi.
2.
The beleaguered Germans: Antony Beevor,
Berlin the Downfall 1945
, p. 11.
3.
Commanding military officers:
Ibid
., pp. 307-309 and 406.
4.
Time to do that: Veick Interrogation. BHM, 335. BLI, Netzeband Statement. BA 327D FO1046/24.
5.
Leaving 120,000 homeless: Erik Smit,
3 Februar 1945: Die Zerstorung Kreuzbers
.
6.
State and party: BA A-327D FO 1046/24. Bernstein papers, Box 2, Harry S. Truman Presidential Library.
7.
For foreign informants: Karl Bernd Esser,
Hitlers Gold
, p. 75.
8.
New headquarters there: Dr. Werner Veick Interrogation, April 10, 1945. NACP Record Group.331, G-4 Functions in ESTOUSA Operations.
9.
Liquor was removed: Maxmillian Rathke Interrogation, Dr. Werner Veick Interrogation, NACP Record Group.331, G-4 Functions in ESTOUSA Operations.
10.
Were shipped south: Joseph Abrams, History of the 90th Division 6 June 1944 to 9 May 1945. Bernard Bernstein Report to Brig. Gen. F.J. McSherry, April 18, 1945. SHAEF/G-5/1/13, RG 331, G-4 Functon in Operational and Occupation Headquarters.
11.
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