In Stalin’s Secret Service
, p. 98.
43.
On November 7: RGASPI, Yurii Rybalkin, Operatsija “Iks” .
44.
Most of them Portuguese: Burnett Boilloten,
The Spanish Civil War
, pp. 149-152.
45.
Their own ears: Orlov papers. NACP RG 46, Box 77.
CHAPTER THREE: ADOLF HITLER’S ARGONAUT
1.
Always called Hjalmar: Hjalmar Schacht,
My First Seventy-Six Years
, pp. 10-22.
2.
His stiff formality: Jacobsson, Erin,
A Life for Sound Money,
p. 119.
3.
His complex character: Harold Deutsch,
Hitler and His Generals
. BA PRO, C/23/83/18.
4.
Quantity of other goods: Hjalmar Schacht,
Gold for Europe
, p. vii. David Ricardo,
On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation
, Part 1.2.
5.
Edge of a volcano: Hjalmar Schacht,
My First Seventy-Six Years
, p. 177. Frederick Taylor,
The Downfall of Money
, pp. 202-205.
6.
Travelling third class: Hjalmar Schacht,
My First Seventy-Six Years
, p. 187.
7.
With a lifetime tenure: Frederick Taylor,
The Downfall of Money
, pp. 329-336.
8.
Before Roosevelt’s election: Hjalmar Schacht,
The Stabilization of the Mark
, p. 129.
9.
Standard for the world: Hjalmar Schacht.
My First Seventy-Six Years
, pp. 194-200.
10.
For its replacement:
Ibid
., p. 264.
11.
Two billion per year: Margaret Macmillan,
Paris 1919
, pp. 102 and 192.
12.
Never to have signed: Hjalmar Schacht,
My First Seventy-Six Years
, p. 247.
13.
Wearing that night: IMT 3936-PS.
14.
Into practical action:
Ibid
., p. 279.
15.
Dangerous power play: IMT, XVI, 224. Paul Enzig,
Germany’s Default
, p. 41.
16.
As their predecessors: IMT, Vol. 13, May 3, 1946 morning and IMT 456-D.
17.
Rule through them: Liaquat Ahamed,
Lords of Finance
, p. 480.
18.
With a forceful Heil: IMT 457-EC.
19.
Can save Germany: IMT Vol. 13, May 2, 1946, p. 567.
20.
Führer’s position entirely: IMT 2409(a)-PS.
21.
Means of the state:
The Goebbels Diaries
. February 3, 1933, p. 240. Alan Bullock,
Hitler a Study in Tyranny
, p. 258.
22.
With an iron fist: IMT D-203.
23.
Such a clear picture: IMT EC-439.
24.
Then also denied it: Shirer, p. 194, IMT 3740-PS.
25.
Unemployed off the street: Hjalmar Schacht,
My First Seventy-Six Years
, pp. 302-303.
26.
Descending on Germany: Richard Evans,
The Coming of the Third Reich
, p. 354.
27.
Never happen again: William Carr,
Arms, Autarky and Aggression
, pp. 21-36.
28.
Get its payoff: Joseph Borkin,
The Crime and Punishment of I.G. Farben
, pp. 44-60.
29.
Shall swim in it: Trevor-Roper, Hugh,
Hitler’s Table Talk
, pp. 623-624. Hartmut Berghoff,
Business in the Age of Extremes
, p. 139.
30.
Army before economics: Hitler, Adolf,
Hitler’s Second Book
, p. 99.
31.
The Nazis needed: Albert Speer,
Inside the Third Reich
, pp. 316-317.
32.
Needed with gold: Jacob Weixelbaum Publications and Research,
The Contradiction of Neutrality and International Finance
, www.jasonweixelbaum.wordpress.com.
33.
Clandestine operations abroad: Hans Fredrik Dahl,
Quisling
, pp. 145-152.
34.
All the attention: Hjalmar Schacht,
My First Seventy-Six Years
, pp. 307-313.
35.
Been complete flops: IHT November 23, 1945. John Weitz,
Hitler’s Banker
, pp. 168-169.
36.
Service of warfare: Hjalmar Schacht,
My First Seventy-Six Years
, p. 320.
37.
Our political opponents: IMT 1168-PS. IMT January 11, 1946.
38.
Spent on dinners: IMT Vol. 13, Friday, May 3, 1946.
39.
Via Mefo financing: IMT Document Schacht-7.
40.
Half billion Reichsmark: IMT 493-USA and EC 497.
41.
And other purposes: IMT 014-EC and 835-USA.
42.
Have taken place: IMT document 835-USA. Ralf Banken,
Edelmetallmangel und Groβraubwirtschaft
, p. 241.
43.
And even dangerous: William Edward Dodd,
Ambassador Dodd’s Diary, 1933-1938
, p. 254.
44.
The Protestant Reformation: Schacht,
My First Seventy-Six Years
, p. 349.
45.
But steadily deteriorated:
Time
magazine, January 30, 1938,
My First Seventy-Six Years
, p. 386.
CHAPTER FOUR: FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT’S ARGONAUT
1.
Soon dropped out: Henry Morgenthau III,
Mostly Morgenthau
, pp. 213-214.
2.
Without a degree: Herbert Levy,
Henry Morgenthau, Jr
. , pp. 215-217.
3.
And deep friendship:
Ibid
., p. 246.
4.
New York State weekly:
Ibid
., p. 239.
5.
Incumbent Herbert Hoover: John Morton Blum,
From the Morgenthau Diaries
Vol. 1, pp. 31-34.
6.
And other businesses:
Ibid
., pp. 35-50.
7.
No one’s here: Bernard F. Stanton.
George F. Warren Farm Economist
, pp. 404-414.
Time
magazine cover story November 27, 1933.
8.
Before Roosevelt’s election: Bernard F. Stanton,
George F. Warren Farm Economist
, p. 410.
9.
Standard for the world: Peter L. Bernstein,
The Power of Gold
, p. 318.
10.
For paper currency:
Ibid
., pp. 319-322.
11.
Off the gold standard: Liaquat Ahamed,
Lords of Finance
, p. 461.
12.
Prop up world currencies:
Ibid
., pp. 466-471.
13.
So-called international bankers: University of California Santa Barbara, The American Presidency Project. www.presidency.ucsb.edu, Franklin D. Roosevelt, 96. Wireless to London Conference July 3, 1933.
14.
End of western civilization: Liaquat Ahamed,
Lords of Finance
, p. 460.
15.
Fist into a pillow: Arthur Schlesinger, Jr.
Coming of the New Deal 1933-1935
, p. 239.
16.
The world market: The American Presidency Project, University of California Santa Barbara. www.presidency.ucsb.edu, Franklin D. Roosevelt fourth fireside chat, October 22, 1933.
17.
Secretary of the navy: John Morton Blum,
Roosevelt and Morgenthau
, pp. 45-53.
18.
Put into bankruptcy: Liaquat Ahamed,
Lords of Finance
, p. 473.
19.
Old pink whiskers:
Ibid
.
20.
Standard on the booze: Keynes Open Letter to the President, published in the
New York Times
on December 31, 1933.
21.
Doing it together: Blum,
From the Morgenthau Diaries
, Vol. 1, p. 73.
22.
Foreign exchange rates: The American Presidency Project: Message to Congress, Recommending Legislation on the Currency System, January 15, 1934.
23.
Going to $12 billion: Liaquat Ahamed,
Lords of Finance
, p. 474.
24.
Between 1923 and 1934: CIA study of October 17, 1955. CIA/SV/RR 121 titled “Soviet Gold Production, Reserves and Exports Through 1954.”
25.
Access to the powerful: Henry Morgenthau III,
Mostly Morgenthau
s, pp. 309-314.
26.
All the time: HM 3:327.
27.
To economic revival: Bernard F. Stanton, p. 431. Liaquat Ahamed,
Lords of Finance
, p. 477.
CHAPTER FIVE: HERMANN GÖRING GRABS CONTROL
1.
Horace Greeley Hjalmar Schacht: William L. Shirer,
The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich,
pp. 259-262.
2.
Carin von Kantzow: Roger Manvell and Heinrich Fraenkel,
Goering
, pp. 55-62.
3.
Swedish drug clinic: Irving, David.
Göring
, pp. 83-89.
4.
With brutal efficiency: William L. Shirer,
The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich,
pp. 213-226.
5.
Called Göring amoral: IMT 3936-PS.
6.
Will protect you: Stephen H. Roberts,
The House that Hitler Built
, p. 63.
7.
The hall roared: Roger Manvell and Heinrich Fraenkel. p. 148.
8.
Fight major conflicts: German History in Documents and Images, Vol. 7, www.germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org.
9.
The same deadline:
Ibid
.
10.
Steadfastly carried out:
Ibid
.
11.
Country for imports: IMT EC-416 and EC-244.
12.
Faith is justified: Hjalmar Schacht,
Confessions of The Old Wizard
, p. 338.
13.
Produce at home:
Völkisher Beobachter
, September 10, 1939.
14.
Had the chance: William Carr,
Arms, Autarky and Aggression
, pp. 51-52. Schacht Interrogation September 26, 1945, TD, University of Connecticut, 7971-2.
15.
Rest of the world:
Foreign Affairs
, January 1937.
16.
Saw the Führer: Schacht interrogation, September 26, 1945. TD, 7971-2.
17.
Approved it in July 1938: IMT EC-243. Bernice Carroll,
Design for Total War
, pp. 135-137.
18.
Bombing the factories: Joseph Berkin,
The Crime and Punishment of I.G. Farben
, pp. 128-134.
19.
Throughout the war: Berenice Carroll,
Design for Total War
, pp. 145-146.
20.
In northern France: Hartmut Berghoff, Jürgen Kocka, and Dieter Ziegler:
Wirtschaft im Zeitalter der Extreme
. Ralf Banken article
“Hiergegen kann nur mit freier Fahndung eingeschritten werden–Die Arbeit der deutschen Devisenschutzkommandos 1938 bis 1944.”
Katrin Isabel Krähling,
Das Devisenschutzkommando Belgien, 1940-1944
. GFAB MA RW 36/217.
21.
Orders only from him: IMT EC-376.
22.
In the least: Hjalmar Schacht,
My First Seventy-Six Years
, pp. 369-370. IMT EC-248.
23.
Go to war: IMT 244-EC.
24.
His former activity: IMT EC-248, PS-3730, EC-252.
25.
The Nazi government: Schacht Interrogation on October 12, 1945, TD 7972, EC-248 and PS-3730.
26.
Further Mefo spending: Schacht Interrogation, October 12, 1945. TD, 7972.
27.
Reichsmark of Mefo bills: TD, 7975-1.
28.
I’m fond of you: Hjalmar Schacht