school years of,
78
and segregation,
185
and Stewart,
137–
138
Crummell, Boston,
38–
40,
43
,
65
,
119
African birth of,
71
,
121
and community institutions,
38
,
122
,
127
property of,
37
Schermerhorn as former master of,
38
,
48
Crummell, Charity Hicks,
38
,
42
Crummell family,
38–
40,
44
,
95
,
100
,
113
,
291
,
385
Curtis, William and Sarah,
291
Cypress Hills Cemetery,
19
,
385
Daniel, John M.,
188
Dante Alighieri,
18
,
382
,
383–
384
Daughters of Israel,
137
Daughters of Wesley,
137
,
138
Davis, Jefferson,
231
De Bow, James,
228
De Bow’s Review
,
153
Declaration of Independence,
201
,
262
de Forest rum distillers,
256
DeGrasse, George,
37
,
40
,
65
,
71
DeGrasse, Isaiah,
128
,
172
death of,
147
and General Theological Seminary,
108–
111,
209
in Jamaica,
114
,
147
in the ministry,
85
,
114
and New York Select Academy,
141
and St. Philip’s,
168
school years of,
5
,
40–
41
DeGrasse, John,
40
,
166
,
265
,
267–
272,
268
,
303
DeGrasse, Maria Van Surlay,
40
,
75
,
136–
137,
140
DeGrasse family,
40–
41,
44
,
100
,
113
,
265
,
291
Democratic Party,
228–
229,
230–
231,
318–
319,
363–
366
Denniston, Daniel,
50
Dickens, Charles,
63
,
179
Dickerson, Martina,
171
Dorsey, Charles,
352
,
371
“double consciousness,”
130
,
221–
222
Douglass, Frederick,
13
,
188
,
197
,
200
,
244
,
273
,
277
and
Frederick Douglass’ Paper
,
25
,
27
,
217–
219,
230
Life and Times
,
387
and National Lincoln Monument Association,
275
,
276
and
North Star
,
27
,
147
,
164
,
187
sons in the military,
265
and Underground Railroad,
195
Douglass, Sarah Mapps,
138
Downing, George T.,
28
,
104
,
105
,
315
,
316
,
386
catering establishment of,
103
,
186–
187
and community institutions,
133
,
135–
136,
348
eulogy for Philip White by,
141–
142,
143
,
144
,
158
,
159–
160,
161
,
391
and Garnet,
202
,
273–
274
and his father,
388
and National Lincoln Monument Association,
275
,
276
personal traits of,
79
,
103
,
319
political activism of,
13
,
88
,
123
,
196
,
207–
208,
264
,
273
,
277–
279,
364–
365,
388
and St. Philip’s,
168
,
208
school years of,
5
,
7
,
79
and Sea Girt House,
278
Downing, Mena,
315
Downing, Serena DeGrasse,
168
Downing, Thomas,
64
,
92
,
183
and civil rights,
122
,
191
and community institutions,
119
,
127
,
133
,
169
death of,
388
and political parties,
199
restaurant owned by,
65
,
101
,
103
,
122
,
183–
185
Downing family,
64
,
386
Draft Riots (1863),
223–
258,
283
,
296–
297,
387
and black elite,
236–
248
Colored Orphan Asylum,
157
,
232–
235
conspiracy theory about,
260
Merchants’ Relief Committee,
255–
258
New York Police Department and,
249
,
253–
255
reparations for,
252–
253
rioters and rioting,
225–
228
and St. Philip’s,
248–
252
and white politicians,
228–
229
Dresser, Horace,
391
Druggists’ Circular and Chemical Gazette
,
328–
329,
330
Druggists’ Reference Register
,
328
,
331
Du Bois, W. E. B.,
7
,
8
,
347
,
374
and “double consciousness,”
130
The Souls of Black Folk
,
4
,
111–
112,
381
Duchesne, Alexis,
36
Eato, Mary,
350–
351
Elliott, E. N.,
188
education,
74–
76,
79–
92,
105–
116,
126
,
139–
141,
203–
206,
306–
307,
350–
352,
367–
372
and literary knowledge,
74
,
126
,
127–
129,
171
,
320
,
374
,
381–
383
elites
—race relations
between black and white women,
359–
360
in public,
190–
192
whimsy of,
188–
189,
191
with Germans,
227
,
241
,
292
,
297
with Irish,
147
,
225
,
227
,
246–
248,
292
,
294–
295
with merchants,
61–
62,
148–
149,
153
,
255–
258,
326–
328
with professional classes,
302–
305,
329–
333
with white abolitionists,
68–
69,
99–
100,
197–
201,
204
,
295–
296
with white elites,
154–
155,
184
,
192–
194,
259
,
361–
362,
378–
381
—social life
and church,
168
exclusivity,
170
,
322
parties,
314–
316
private clubs,
316–
319
role of women,
170–
172
salons,
170
—values of
as black Knickerbockers,
64
,
166
,
167
,
321
character and respectability,
7–
8,
43
,
65
,
76
,
167
,
172–
174,
178
cosmopolitanism,
16
,
30
,
43
,
92
,
129–
130,
221
,
320
,
381
entrepreneurship,
165–
167,
247
,
325–
326,
330–
331
ethic of hard work,
7–
8,
65
,
167
,
325
high culture,
192–
194,
320
,
374–
384
imitation of whites,
129–
130,
319–
325
property ownership,
64
,
167
,
242
,
248
,
278
racial uplift,
139
,
182
,
319
,
346
,
357
temperance,
153
,
182
wealth,
65
,
122
,
166–
167,
257
,
313
—white
and benevolence/philanthropy,
62
,
63
,
68
,
69–
71,
75–
76,
89–
91,
120
,
127
,
156–
157,
198–
199,
256–
258,
339
,
341–
342,
359–
360
as Knickerbockers,
46–
49
as merchants,
48–
50,
55
,
60–
61,
148–
153,
182
,
185
,
228–
229,
247
,
255–
258,
259
and Metropolitan Museum of Art,
375–
381
“Patriarchs” and “the Four Hundred,”
321
and patronage,
105
,
153
,
155
,
184
,
187
,
247
“upper tendom,”
173
,
186
,
227
Emancipation Day (1827),
71–
74,
100
,
387
Emancipation Proclamation,
231
Emmett, Dan,
190
emigration
to Haiti,
122–
123
to Liberia,
202
,
230
,
277
Ennalls, Sarah,
140
,
264
,
350
Episcopal denomination,
44–
46,
112–
114,
169–
170,
209–
211,
213–
215,
333–
335
Ethiop (pseudonym),
165
,
167
,
172–
173,
217–
218,
219
,
381