Axis Sally: The American Voice of Nazi Germany (53 page)

⁴⁹⁶
Ibid.

⁴⁹⁷
Ibid.

⁴⁹⁸
Ibid. p 6.

⁴⁹⁹
Flynn, Elizabeth Gurley.
My Life as a Political Prisoner.
New York: International Publishers, 1963. p. 28.

⁵⁰⁰
Ibid. p 26.

⁵⁰¹
Ibid. p 30.

⁵⁰²
Ibid. p 33.

⁵⁰³
Ibid. pp 36–37.

⁵⁰⁴
Ibid. p 83.

⁵⁰⁵
Admission Summary for Mildred Elizabeth Sisk, Federal Reformatory for Women at Alderson, WV. October 12, 1950, pp 2-3. Department of Justice Files, College Park MD: National Archives.

⁵⁰⁶
Elizabeth Gurley Flynn. op. cit., p 146.

⁵⁰⁷
Admission Summary for Mildred Elizabeth Sisk, Federal Reformatory for Women at Alderson, WV. October 12, 1950, pp 5-7 Department of Justice Files. College Park MD: National Archives.

⁵⁰⁸
Annual Review, Federal Reformatory for Women, Reg. No. 9711_W, March 27, 1953. Department of Justice Files, College Park MD: National Archives.

⁵⁰⁹
Ibid.

⁵¹⁰
Ibid.

⁵¹¹
Ibid.p. 3.

12. Penitent

⁵¹²
Ibid.

⁵¹³
Ibid.

⁵¹⁴
Federal Reformatory for Women, Alderson, WV Prisoner’s Visitor’s form with attached note, dated July 26, 1956. College Park MD: NARA.

⁵¹⁵
Letter from Mrs. Allan C. Long to John Nelson, Delaware OH: Ohio Wesleyan University Archives, March 30, 1966.

⁵¹⁶
Ibid. p 148.

⁵¹⁷
Catholic University Bulletin
, Cleveland OH, July 21, 1961 Courtesy: Ohio Wesleyan University Historical Collection, Delaware OH.

⁵¹⁸
Letter from Mary L. Cottrill, Supervisor, Classification and Parole, Federal Reformatory for Women to Elbert H. Williams, Chief US Probation Officer, Columbus Ohio, December 19, 1960. US Department of Justice Files, College Park: NARA.

⁵¹⁹
Letter from Nina Kinsella, Warden, Alderson Prison to James V. Bennett, Director, Bureau of Prisons. March 13, 1961, Department of Justice Papers, College Park: NARA.

⁵²⁰
Letter from Mary L. Cottrill, Supervisor Classification and Parole to Elbert Williams, Chief United States Probation Officer, Columbus OH, May 10, 1961, College Park: NARA.

⁵²¹
Berlin Calling
radio program, National Public Radio, produced by WUGA-FM, Athens GA.

⁵²²
Charleston Gazette
, Charleston, WV, July 11, 1961, p. 1.

⁵²³
Ibid.

⁵²⁴
The Bridgeport Telegram
, Bridgeport, CT, July 11, 1961, p. 9.

⁵²⁵
The Star-News
, Pasadena, CA, July 10, 1961, p. 1.

The Roman Catholic religious order, the Sisters of the Poor Child Jesus, was founded in the Prussian town of Aachen in 1844. At the height of its missionary work, the order founded orphanages, seminaries, boarding houses and convents in Austria, Belgium, Holland, England and eventually the United States.

⁵²⁶
Charleston Gazette
, Charleston, WV, July 11, 1961, p. 1.

⁵²⁷
Schofield, William G., T
reason Trail
, Chicago: Rand McNally & Co. 1964, p. 173.

⁵²⁸
“Thought I Was Right, Says Sally,”
Cleveland Plain-Dealer
, Cleveland OH, July 12, 1961. Courtesy: Ohio Wesleyan University Historical Collection.

⁵²⁹
Ibid.

⁵³⁰
Ibid.

⁵³¹
Star-Beacon
, Ashtabula, OH, November 24, 1995, p. B1.

⁵³²
Ibid.

⁵³³
Star-Beacon
, Ashtabula, OH, November 24, 1995, p. B1.

⁵³⁴
Ibid.

⁵³⁵
Galveston Daily News
, Galveston, TX, September 10, 1961, p. 22.

⁵³⁶
Ibid.

⁵³⁷
Ibid.

⁵³⁸
Catholic University Bulletin
, Cleveland, OH, July 21, 1961. Courtesy: Ohio Wesleyan University Historical Collection, Delaware OH.

⁵³⁹
1966 Probation Report of Mildred Gillars (Sisk), August 5, 1966, US Department of Justice Files, College Park MD: NARA.

⁵⁴⁰
Fresno Bee
, Fresno, CA March 5, 1967, p. 13 W. Spicer’s success brought a series of telephone calls from reporters at
Look, Life
and other national magazines who were trying to locate Axis Sally.

⁵⁴¹
Ibid.

⁵⁴²
Ibid.

Jim Dury left Bishop Watterson in 1988, shortly before Mildred’s death. He eventually returned to the school and teaches French there as of this writing. One wonders if any of the drawings that adorned her apartment were in the hand of Otto Koischwitz, although it is doubtful that any of the Professor’s works survived the war.

⁵⁴³
Ibid.

⁵⁴⁴
Letter from Wm. Merritt Miller, Probation Officer to Albert Wuhl, Chief Probation Officer, San Francisco, June 7, 1968, US Department of Justice Files, College Park MD: NARA.

⁵⁴⁵
The Bee
, Danville, VA, June 30, 1973, p. 4A.

⁵⁴⁶
Berlin Calling
radio program, National Public Radio, produced by WUGA-FM, Athens GA, Courtesy: John Carver Edwards.

⁵⁴⁷
Ibid.

⁵⁴⁸
Letter from Jim Dury to Author, March 22, 2009.

⁵⁴⁹
Ibid.

⁵⁵⁰
Berlin Calling
radio program, National Public Radio, produced by WUGA-FM, Athens GA, Courtesy: John Carver Edwards.

⁵⁵¹
Author’s interview with Iris Wiley, February 26, 2009.

⁵⁵²
Greeley Tribune
, Greeley, CO, January 19, 1977, p. 35.

⁵⁵³
Ibid.

⁵⁵⁴
“Infamous Nazi Ally Rests Amid Area Vets”,
Columbus Dispatch
, Columbus OH, August 24, 2008, p. 1B.

⁵⁵⁵
Berlin Calling
radio program, National Public Radio, produced by WUGA-FM, Athens GA, Courtesy: John Carver Edwards.

⁵⁵⁶
Author’s interview with Iris Wiley, February 26, 2009.

⁵⁵⁷
Mildred Gillars Death Certificate, Ohio Department of Health.

558 “Infamous Nazi Ally Rests Amid Area Vets”,
Columbus Dispatch
, Columbus OH, August 24, 2008, p. 1B.

559
Star-Beacon
, Ashtabula, OH, November 24, 1988, p. B3.

560
The New York Times
, New York, NY, July 2, 1988.

561 Ibid.

562 “World War II’s ‘Axis Sally’ is Dead at 87,”
Columbus Dispatch
, Columbus, OH, July 1, 1988, p. 1C.

563
Star-Beacon
, Ashtabula, OH, November 24, 1995, p. B1.

564 “Life of ‘Axis Sally’ Changed When She Met Up With Nuns’,
Columbus Dispatch
, Columbus OH, July 21, 1988, p. 6A.

565
Berlin Calling radio program
, National Public Radio, produced by WUGA-FM, Athens GA, Courtesy: John Carver Edwards.

566 Ibid.

567 Ibid.

Primary sources

Author’s interviews: Jim Dury, James Sauer, Helene Anne Spicer, Iris Wiley

Birth Certificate of Mildred Elizabeth Sisk, State of Maine

College Transcript of Mildred Elizabeth Gillars, Ohio Wesleyan University

Death Certificate of Mildred Elizabeth Gillars, State of Ohio

Death Certificate of Robert B. Gillars, State of Ohio

Diplomatic List of the British Foreign Office (1944), courtesy British Foreign and Commonwealth Office

Divorce Decree
Sisk v. Sisk
, State of Maine, Maine State Archives, May 1, 1907

The Evening Star
Photo Archives, District of Columbia Library, Washingtoniana Division, Washington DC

German Foreign Office Archives: Political Radio Department at the Bundesarchiv, Berlin, Germany. Memorandum from Dr Markus Timmler, Radio and Culture Department of the German Foreign Office, March 20, 1940
(BA Bln R 901 Nr. 73166 Handakte Dr. Timmler (1940–1941) Bl. 34-42 Durschlageiner Stellungnahme AA Kult. R vom 20.3.1940 fur Dr. Timmler, Verbindungsstelle der Abt. Kult R des AA im Funkhaus zu Sprecherfragen)

Joseph Goebbels, “Nation, Rise Up, and Let the Storm Break Loose,” translated from “Nun, Volk steh auf, und Sturm brich los! Rede im Berliner Sportpalast,”
Der steile Aufstieg
(Munich: Zentralverlag der NSDAP, 1944) Courtesy: German Propaganda Archive, Calvin College.

Le Bijou
, 1922/1923 Ohio Wesleyan University Historical Collection, Delaware OH: Ohio Wesleyan University

Letter of Mrs. Dorothy Long (Ohio Wesleyan Magazine) to John Nelson, March 30, 1966. Delaware Ohio: Ohio Wesleyan University Historical Collection.

Memoranda to President Harry S. Truman, January 1947 regarding “Axis Sally,” Independence MO: Truman Presidential Library.

Ohio Wesleyan Alumni Journal
, 1922 Delaware OH: Ohio Wesleyan University Historical Collection

Oscar R. Ewing Oral History Interview, April 30, 1969. Independence MO: Truman Presidential Library.

Charles Fahy papers, Associate Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia, Library of Congress Manuscript Division, Washington DC: Library of Congress.

Research Notes for “The Trials of Axis Sally,” John Bartlow Martin Papers, Washington DC: Library of Congress Manuscript Division.

The Tattler
, Conneaut High School, Conneaut, Ohio 1917, Courtesy: Conneaut Public Library

The Telegraph
, Ohio Wesleyan University newspaper, Ohio Wesleyan Historical Collection, Delaware, OH: Ohio Wesleyan University, 1949

United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia decision.
Gillars v US
. October Term: 1949, No. 10, 187, Washington DC: National Archives and Records Administration.

United States Department of Justice, FBI Files Released by Interagency Working Group Class #061, File #10988, Section 001, Box #008—Treason. College Park MD: National Archives and Records Administration.

United States Department of Justice, FBI Files Released by Interagency Working Group Class #065, File #55501, Section 001, Box #169—Espionage. College Park MD: National Archives and Records Administration.

United States Department of Justice FBI Files Released by Interagency Working Group; Walter Winchell from the National Archives

United States Department of Justice Press Release on the Indictment of Max Otto Koischwicz, Edward Delaney, Constance Drexel, Ezra Pound, Robert H. Best, Frederick W. Kaltenbach, Jane Anderson and Douglas Chandler, July 26, 1943. Francis Biddle Papers, Georgetown University, Washington DC