Army of Evil: A History of the SS (64 page)

13
See Stein,
The Waffen SS
, pp. 184–88. Few of these formations either achieved divisional size or entered combat. Some confusion about this is caused by the German practice of “battlegrouping” unconnected units with established formation headquarters.

14
Wegner,
The Waffen-SS
, p. 227.

Chapter Twenty-one: Operation Barbarossa and the First and Second Sweeps

1
Rhodes,
Masters of Death
, p. 14.

2
Hilberg,
The Destruction of the European Jews
, p. 103.

3
Höhne,
The Order of the Death’s Head
, p. 328.

4
Höhne,
The Order of the Death’s Head
, p. 329.

5
NARA, SSO076 Personalakte Blobel.

6
Rhodes,
Masters of Death
, p. 11.

7
Evidence given at the Nuremberg Military Tribunal,
Einsatzgruppen
Trial.

8
Hilberg,
The Destruction of the European Jews
, p. 107.

9
Hilberg,
The Destruction of the European Jews
, p. 109.

10
Einsatzgruppen
reports, quoted at Nuremberg Military Tribunal,
Einsatzgruppen
Trial.

11
Einsatzgruppen
reports, quoted at Nuremberg Military Tribunal,
Einsatzgruppen
Trial.

12
Einsatzgruppen
reports, quoted at Nuremberg Military Tribunal,
Einsatzgruppen
Trial.

13
Einsatzgruppen
reports, quoted at Nuremberg Military Tribunal,
Einsatzgruppen
Trial.

14
Evidence given at Nuremberg Military Tribunal,
Einsatzgruppen
Trial.

15
Einsatzgruppen
reports, quoted at Nuremberg Military Tribunal,
Einsatzgruppen
Trial.

16
Evidence given at Nuremberg Military Tribunal,
Einsatzgruppen
Trial.

17
Evidence given at Nuremberg Military Tribunal,
Einsatzgruppen
Trial.

18
Hilberg,
The Destruction of the European Jews
, p. 136.

19
Lang,
Top Nazi
, p. 180.

20
Burleigh,
Death and Deliverance
, p. 221.

21
Burleigh,
Death and Deliverance
, p. 221.

22
Hilberg,
The Destruction of the European Jews
, p. 138.

23
Browning,
Ordinary Men
.

24
NARA BDC, SSO Personalakte Fegelein.

25
Burleigh,
The Third Reich
, p. 563.

26
Yerger,
Riding East
, p. 104.

27
Yerger,
Riding East
, p. 104.

Chapter Twenty-two: The Wannsee Conference

1
Quoted in Hilberg,
The Destruction of the European Jews
, p. 162.

2
Quoted in Klee, Dressen and Riess,
The Good Old Days
, pp. 219•20.

3
Minutes of the Wannsee Conference, International Military Tribunal Documents.

4
Minutes of the Wannsee Conference, International Military Tribunal Documents.

5
Minutes of the Wannsee Conference, International Military Tribunal Documents.

6
Minutes of the Wannsee Conference, International Military Tribunal Documents.

7
Minutes of the Wannsee Conference, International Military Tribunal Documents.

8
Minutes of the Wannsee Conference, International Military Tribunal Documents.

9
Minutes of the Wannsee Conference, International Military Tribunal Documents.

10
Minutes of the Wannsee Conference, International Military Tribunal Documents.

11
Minutes of the Wannsee Conference, International Military Tribunal Documents.

12
Minutes of the Wannsee Conference, International Military Tribunal Documents.

13
Minutes of the Wannsee Conference, International Military Tribunal Documents.

14
Minutes of the Wannsee Conference, International Military Tribunal Documents.

Chapter Twenty-three: The Extermination Camps

1
Poprzeczny,
Odilo Globocnik
, p. 32.

2
Poprzeczny,
Odilo Globocnik
, p. 208.

3
Arad,
Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka
, p. 16.

4
TAL/ZStL, File No. 208 AR-Z 252/59: Case Against Josef Oberhauser et al.

5
IMT, Vol 6. PS-1553 on 30 January 1946.

6
Sereny,
Into That Darkness
, p. 36.

7
Arad,
Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka
, p. 78.

8
Arad,
Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka
, p. 76.

9
Arad,
Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka
, p. 80.

10
Arad,
Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka
, p. 87.

11
Arad,
Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka
, p. 195.

12
Oxford Companion to the Second World War
, p. 1260.

13
Arad,
Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka
, p. 298.

14
Hilberg,
The Destruction of the European Jews
, III, p. 1219.

15
Arad,
Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka
, p. 379.

16
This telegram was intercepted and decoded by the British signals intelligence service: UKNA, HW 16/23, decode GPDD 355a, distributed on 15 January 1943, radio telegrams nos. 12 and 13/15, transmitted on 11 January 1943.

17
USNA, SSO023a Personalakt Globocnik.

18
Hilberg,
The Destruction of the European Jews
, III, p. 951.

Chapter Twenty-four: Auschwitz

1
Steinbacher,
Auschwitz
,
passim
.

2
Biographical information on Höss is from USNA BDC, SSO Personalakte Höss and Höss,
Commandant of Auschwitz.

3
Höss,
Commandant of Auschwitz
, p. 82.

4
Steinbacher,
Auschwitz
, p. 29.

5
See, for example, USNA BDC, SSEM Personalakte Otto Moll.

6
Interview with Sam Pivnik, prisoner 135913, 3 October 2024.

7
Interview with Sam Pivnik, prisoner 135913, 3 October 2024.

8
Höss,
Commandant of Auschwitz,
p. 144.

9
Höss,
Commandant of Auschwitz
, p. 147.

10
Interview with Sam Pivnik, prisoner 135913, 3 October 2024.

11
Hilberg,
The Destruction of the European Jews
, p. 247.

12
Müller,
Eyewitness Auschwitz
, p. 71.

13
Höss,
Commandant of Auschwitz
, p. 198.

14
Interview with Sam Pivnik, prisoner 135913, 3 October 2024.

15
Interview with Sam Pivnik, prisoner 135913, 3 October 2024.

16
USNA BDC, SSO Personalakte Mengele.

17
Weale,
Science and the Swastika
, p. 148.

18
Steinbacher,
Auschwitz
, p. 58.

19
Interview with Sam Pivnik, prisoner 135913, 3 October 2024.

20
Hilberg,
The Destruction of the European Jews
, II, p. 611.

21
Hilberg,
The Destruction of the European Jews
, II, p. 609.

22
Hilberg,
The Destruction of the European Jews
, II, p. 657.

23
Hilberg,
The Destruction of the European Jews
, II, p. 594.

24
Hilberg,
The Destruction of the European Jews
, II, p. 608.

25
Hilberg,
The Destruction of the European Jews
, II, p. 568.

26
Hilberg,
The Destruction of the European Jews
, II, p. 672.

27
Hilberg,
The Destruction of the European Jews
, II, p. 674.

28
Hilberg,
The Destruction of the European Jews
, II, p. 679.

29
Hilberg,
The Destruction of the European Jews
, II, p. 688.

30
Hilberg,
The Destruction of the European Jews
, II, p. 692.

31
Hilberg,
The Destruction of the European Jews
, II, p. 698.

32
Hilberg,
The Destruction of the European Jews
, II, p. 708.

33
Hilberg,
The Destruction of the European Jews
, II, p. 801.

34
Hilberg,
The Destruction of the European Jews
, II, p. 824.

35
Hilberg,
The Destruction of the European Jews
, II, p. 844.

36
Hilberg,
The Destruction of the European Jews
, II, p. 845.

37
Hilberg,
The Destruction of the European Jews
, II, p. 855.

38
Höss,
Commandant of Auschwitz
, p. 158.

39
Steinbacher,
Auschwitz
, pp. 59․60.

40
Steinbacher,
Auschwitz
, p. 121.

41
Steinbacher,
Auschwitz
, p. 124.

42
Steinbacher,
Auschwitz
, p. 125.

43
Interview with Sam Pivnik, prisoner 135913, 3 October 2024.

44
Steinbacher,
Auschwitz
, p. 127.

45
Langer,
Cap Arcona
, p. 108.

46
Steinbacher,
Auschwitz
, pp. 134․36.

Chapter Twenty-five: The Final Act

1
UKNA, KV2/97.

2
Schellenberg,
The Memoirs of Hitler‥s Spymaster
, p. 352.

3
Fest,
Plotting Hitler‥s Death
, p. 202.

4
Fest,
Plotting Hitler‥s Death
, p. 216.

5
Fest,
Plotting Hitler‥s Death
, p. 235.

6
Fest,
Plotting Hitler‥s Death
, pp. 258‥60.

7
UKNA, KV2/1668.

8
Kershaw,
Hitler: Nemesis
, p. 675.

9
Fest,
Plotting Hitler‥s Death
, pp. 292ff.

10
Padfield,
Himmler
, p. 546.

11
Kershaw,
Hitler: Nemesis
, p. 745.

12
Kershaw,
Hitler: Nemesis
, p. 758.

13
Kershaw,
Hitler: Nemesis
, p. 759.

14
Padfield,
Himmler
, p. 565.

15
Schellenberg,
The Memoirs of Hitler‥s Spymaster
, pp. 434ff.

16
Padfield,
Himmler
, p. 573.

17
Lang,
Top Nazi
, p. 290.

18
Lang,
Top Nazi
, p. 296.

19
UKNA, KV2/97.

20
Kershaw,
Hitler: Nemesis
, p. 817.

21
Fest,
Inside Hitler‥s Bunker
, p. 99.

22
Padfield,
Himmler
, p. 596.

23
Fest,
Inside Hitler‥s Bunker
, p. 100.

24
Fest,
Inside Hitler‥s Bunker
, p. 100.

25
Padfield,
Himmler
, p. 598.

26
For a detailed account of the contacts between Himmler and Dönitz, see Padfield,
Himmler
, pp. 600‥05.

27
Padfield,
Himmler
, p. 609.

28
Quoted in Padfield,
Himmler
, p. 609.