A Manual for Creating Atheists (33 page)

Subjective claim

A statement of preference that is neither true nor false.

Supernatural

Outside of the natural world.

Therapeutic alliance

The bond between the therapist and the client that allows the client to make therapeutic progress. This term, also referred to as “therapeutic relationship,” has been appropriated from Edward Bordin’s 1979 article, “The Generalizability of the Psychoanalytic Concept of the Working Alliance” (Bordin, 1979).

Thetan

The Scientologist’s belief that a spirit is “stuck” in a human body.

Treatment

A therapeutic process in which something that is damaged becomes whole.

Truth

Beliefs that are in lawful alignment with reality.

Truth claim

A statement of fact.

Urantia Book, The

“
The Urantia Book
, first published by Urantia Foundation in 1955, claims to have been presented by celestial beings as a revelation to our planet, Urantia. The writings in
The Urantia Book
instruct us on the genesis, history, and destiny of humanity and on our relationship with God the Father. They present a unique and compelling portrayal of the life and teachings of Jesus. They open new vistas of time and eternity to the human spirit, and offer new details of our ascending adventure in a friendly and carefully administered universe.” Urantia Foundation, custodian and publisher of
The Urantia Book
:
http://www.urantia.org/urantia-book

Vector

An organism that spreads an infectious pathogen but shows no symptoms.

Warrant

Sufficient justification for a claim.

Wittgenstein, Ludwig (1889–1951)

Austrian philosopher. One of the most important figures in philosophy in the twentieth century whose work continues to influence contemporary thinkers.

REFERENCES

Acock, A. C., & Bengston, V. L. (1980). Socialization and attribution processes: Actual versus perceived similarity among parents and youth.
Journal of Marriage and Family
,
42
, 501–515.

Agee, J. (2009).
A death in the family
(Centennial ed.). New York, NY: Penguin Books.

Ali, M., & Ali, H. Y. (2004).
The soul of a butterfly: Reflections on life’s journey
. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.

American Philosophical Association. (1990).
Critical thinking: A statement of expert consensus for purposes of educational assessment and instruction. “The Delphi Report.”
Millbrae, CA: The California Academic Press.

American Psychiatric Association. (2000).
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-IV
(4th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

American Psychiatric Association (2012).
APA DSM-5
. Frequently Asked Questions. Retrieved from
http://www.dsm5.org/ABOUT/Pages/faq.aspx

Anderson, S. D. (2010).
Living dangerously: Seven keys to intentional discipleship
. Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock Pub.

Andrews, D. A., & Friesen, W. (1987). Assessments of Anticriminal Plans and the Prediction of Criminal Futures.
Criminal Justice and Behavior, 14
(1), 33–37.

Andrews, D. A., Zinger, I., Hoge, R. D., Bonta, J., Gendreau, P., & Cullen, F. T. (1990). Does correctional treatment work? A clinicallyrelevant and psychologically-informed meta-analysis.
Criminology, 28
(3), 369–404.

Andrews, S. (2013).
Deconverted: A journey from religion to reason
. Denver, Colorado: Outskirts Press.

Argyle, M. (2000).
Psychology and religion: An introduction
. London, England: Routledge.

Baltag, A., Rodenhäuser, B., & Smets, S. (2011).
Doxastic attitudes as belief-revision policies
. (Unpublished manuscript). ILLC, University of Amsterdam. Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Bandura, A. (1990). Mechanisms of moral disengagement. In W. Reich (Ed.),
Origins of terrorism: Psychologies, ideologies, theologies, states of mind
(pp. 161–191). Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Press.

Bandura, A. (1999). Moral disengagement in the perpetration of inhumanities.
Personality and Social Psychology Review
,
3
, 193–209. doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0303_3

Bandura, A. (2002). Selective moral disengagement in the exercise of moral agency.
Journal of Moral Education
,
31
(2), 102–119. doi:10.1080/0305724022014322

Bartlett, T. (2012, August 13). Dusting off God: A new science of religion says God has gotten a bad rap.
The Chronicle of Higher Education
. Retrieved from
http://chronicle.com/article/Does-Religion-Really-Poison/133457/

Barker, D. L. (Performer). (2012).
Making the case for atheists
. [Web Video]. Retrieved from
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e7y5slOkwaU&feature=player_embedded

Barker, D. (2008).
Godless: How an evangelical preacher became one of America’s leading atheists
. Berkeley, CA: Ulysses Press.

Bausell, R. B. (2007).
Snake oil science: The truth about complementary and alternative medicine
. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Bering, J. (2011).
The belief instinct: The psychology of souls, destiny, and the meaning of life
. New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc.

Berns, G. S., Bell, E., Capra, C. M., Prietula, M. J., Moore, S., Anderson, B.,… Atran, S. (2012). The price of your soul: Neural evidence for the non-utilitarian representation of sacred values.
Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society
,
367
(1589), 754–762. doi:10.1098/rstb.2011.0262

Bernstein, R., & Gaw, A. (1990). Koro: Proposed classification for DSMIV.
The American Journal of Psychiatry
,
147
(12), 1670–1674.

Bishop, B. (2008).
The big sort: Why the clustering of like-minded America is tearing us apart
. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin Company.

Blackford, R. (2012a, August, 8). Islam, racists, and legitimate debate. Talking Philosophy: The Philosophers’ Magazine Blog. Retrieved from
http://blog.talkingphilosophy.com/?p=5305

Blackford, R. (2012b).
Freedom of religion and the secular state
. West Sussex, England: Wiley-Blackwell.

Blume, A. W., Schmaling, K. B., & Marlatt, G. A. (2000). Revisiting the self-medication hypothesis from a behavioral perspective.
Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7
(4), 379–384. doi:10.1016/S1077-7229(00)80048-6

Boghossian, P. A. (2006c).
Fear of knowledge: Against relativism and constructivism
. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Boghossian, P. (under review). Doxastic closure: Why I ain’t wrong and you is.

Boghossian, P. (2002a). Socratic pedagogy, race and power.
Education Policy Analysis Archives, 10
, 3. Retrieved from
http://epaa.asu.edu/ojs/article/view/282

Boghossian, P. (2002b). The Socratic method (or, having a right to get stoned).
Teaching Philosophy
,
25
(4), 345–359. doi:10.5840/teachphil200225443

Boghossian, P. (2003). How Socratic pedagogy works.
Informal Logic
,
23
(2), TS17-25.

Boghossian, P. (2004).
Socratic pedagogy, critical thinking, moral reasoning and inmate education: An exploratory study
. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Portland State University. Portland, OR.

Boghossian, P. (2006a). Socratic pedagogy, critical thinking, and inmate education.
Journal of Correctional Education
,
57
(1), 42–63.

Boghossian, P. (2006b). Behaviorism, constructivism, and Socratic pedagogy.
Educational Philosophy and Theory
,
38
(6), 713–722. doi:10.1111/j.1469-5812.2006.00226.x

Boghossian, P. (2010). Socratic pedagogy, critical thinking, and offender programming.
Offender Programs Report
,
13
(5), 65–80.

Boghossian, P. (2011a). Critical thinking and constructivism: Mambo dog fish to the banana.
Journal of Philosophy of Education
,
46
(1), 73–84. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9752.2011.00832.x

Boghossian, P. (2011b). Socratic pedagogy: Perplexity, humiliation, shame and a broken egg.
Educational Philosophy and Theory
,
44
(7), 710–720. doi:10.1111/j.1469-5812.2011.00773.x

Boghossian, P. (2011c, July). Should we challenge student beliefs?
Inside Higher Ed
. Retrieved from
http://www.insidehighered.com/views/2011/07/192/boghossian

Boghossian, P. (2012). Faith no more.
The Philosophers’ Magazine
,
59
, 15–16.

Bogue, B., Diebel, J., & O’Connor, T. P. (2008). Combining officer supervision skills: A new model for increasing success in community corrections.
Perspectives, Spring, 2
(32), 30–45.

Bonta, J., & Andrews, D. (2010). Viewing offender assessment and rehabilitation through the lens of the risk-needs-responsivity model. In F. McNeill, P. Rayner & C. Trotter (Eds.),
Offender supervision: New directions in theory, research and practice
(pp. 19–40). New York: Willan Publishing.

Bordin, E. S. (1979). The generalizability of the psychoanalytic concept of the working alliance.
Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, and Practice
,
16
(3), 252–260.

Bortolotti, L. (2010).
Delusions and other irrational beliefs
. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Bostrom, N. (2003). Are you living in a computer simulation?
The Philosophical Quarterly, 53
(211), 243–255.

Bostrom, N. (May/June 2008). Where are they?: Why I hope the search for extraterrestrial life finds nothing.
MIT Technology Review
. Retrieved from
http://www.technologyreview.com/article/409936/where-are-they/

Boyer, P. (2001).
Religion explained: The evolutionary origins of religious thought
. New York, NY: Basic Books.

Boyer, P. (2004, March/April). Why is religion natural?
Skeptical Inquirer
,
28.2
, Retrieved from
http://www.csicop.org/si/show/why_is_religion_natural/

Braithwaite, V. & Levi, M. (Eds.). (1998).
Trust and governance (Russell Sage Foundation series on trust, volume 1)
. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.

Brock, T. C., & Balloun, J. L. (1967). Behavioral receptivity to dissonant information.
Personality and Social Psychology
,
6
(4, Pt.1), 413–428. doi:10.1037/h0021225

Brodie, R. (1996).
Virus of the mind: The new science of the meme
. Carlsbad, CA: Hay House, Inc.

Brown, S. (2012, October 2). The 10 most dangerous religious right organizations.
Network for Church Monitoring
. Retrieved from
http://churchandstate.org.uk/2012/10/the-10-most-dangerous-religiousright-organizations/

Brutus, S. (2012).
Religion, Culture, History: A Philosophical Study of Religion
. Portland, OR: Daimonion Press.

Carrier, R. (2012). Atheism IS an Identity. Retrieved from
http://freethoughtblogs.com/carrier/archives/337/

CBS News. (2012, August 16).
More Americans identifying as atheists
. Retrieved from
http://www.cbn.com/cbnnews/us/2012/August/More-Americans-Identifying-as-Atheist/

CDC. (2012).
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
. Retrieved from
http://www.cdc.gov/24-7/CDCFastFacts.html

Chambers, A. (2009).
Eats with sinners: Reaching hungry people like Jesus did
. Cincinnati, OH: Standard Pub.

Christian, J. L. (Ed.). (2011).
Philosophy: An introduction to the art of wondering
. (11th ed., pp. 51). Boston, MA: Wadsworth.

Christina, G. (2012).
Why are you atheists so angry? 99 things that piss off the Godless
. Charlottesville, VA: Pitchstone.

Clarke, M. L. (1968).
The Roman mind: Studies in the history of thought from Cicero to Marcus Aurelius
. New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc.

Clark, C. M. (1992). Deviant adolescent subcultures: Assessment strategies and clinical interventions.
Adolescence
,
27
(106), 283.

Clifford, W. (2007). The ethics of belief. In D. Basinger, W. Hasker, M. Peterson & B. Reichenbach (Eds.),
Philosophy of religion: Selected readings
(3rd ed., pp. 104–109). New York, NY: Oxford University Press, Inc.

CNN. (2008).
Election exit polls
. Retrieved from
http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2008/results/polls/

Comfort, R. (2009).
You can lead an atheist to evidence, but you can’t make him think
. Los Angeles, CA: WorldNetDaily.

Coffey, C. (2009).
As I see it
. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse.

Covey, S. R. (2004).
The 7 habits of highly effective people
. New York, NY: Free Press.

Cragun, R., Yeager, S., & Vega, D. (2012). How secular humanists (and everyone else) subsidize religion in the United States.
Free Inquiry
,
32
(4). Retrieved from
http://www.secularhumanism.org/index.php?section=fi&page=cragun_32_4

Craig, W. L. (n.d.). Christian apologetics: Who needs it?
Reasonable Faith
. Retrieved from
http://www.reasonablefaith.org/christianapologetics-who-needs-it

Craig, W. L. (2003).
Hard questions, real answers
. (pp. 35). Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books.

Curtis, J. T., Silberschatz, G., Sampson, H., Weiss, J., & Rosenberg, S. E. (1988).