A History of the World (99 page)

MacCulloch, Diarmaid
ref 1

MacDonald, Ramsay
ref 1

Macedon/Macedonians
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

machines

and human intelligence
ref 1

McNeill, J.R.
ref 1
,
ref 2

McPherson, James
ref 1

Madeira
ref 1

Magellan, Ferdinand
ref 1

Maimonides, Moses
ref 1
,
ref 2

Malawi
ref 1

Mali
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

Malthus, Thomas
ref 1

al-Mamun, Caliph
ref 1

Man, John
ref 1

Manchu
ref 1

Manhattan Project
ref 1
,
ref 2

al-Mansur, Caliph
ref 1

Manzikert, battle of (1071)
ref 1

Mao Zedong
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4
,
ref 5

Mapungubwe
ref 1

Marat, Jean-Paul
ref 1

Marathas
ref 1

Marathon, battle of (490
BC
)
ref 1
,
ref 2

marathon race
ref 1

Marco Polo
see
Polo, Marco

Marcus Aurelius, Emperor
ref 1
,
ref 2

Marduk (god)
ref 1

Marie Antoinette
ref 1
,
ref 2

Mark, St
ref 1

Marlborough, Duchess of
see
Churchill, Sarah

Marlborough, Duke of
ref 1
,
ref 2

Mars
ref 1

Marshall Plan
ref 1
,
ref 2

martyrdom
ref 1

Marx, Karl
ref 1

Marxism-Leninism
ref 1

Marxism/Marxists
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4

Mary of Modena
ref 1
,
ref 2

Mary, Queen
ref 1
,
ref 2

al-Masudi
ref 1

mathematics

Abbasid Muslims
ref 1

Mesopotamia
ref 1

Mather, Cotton
ref 1

matrilineal drift
ref 1

Mattathias
ref 1

Mauryan India
ref 1
,
ref 2

Maxentius
ref 1

Maximilian, Archduke
ref 1

Maya
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

Mazarin, Cardinal
ref 1
,
ref 2

Medicis
ref 1

Medina
ref 1

Mediterranean
ref 1

Megasthenes
ref 1

Mehmet II, Sultan
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

Melanchthon, Philipp
ref 1

Mendoza, Antonio de
ref 1

Mengistu, Haille Mariam
ref 1

Mengzi (Mencius)
ref 1

Mennonites
ref 1
,
ref 2

Mercury
ref 1

Merneptah, Pharaoh
ref 1

Mesoamerica/Mesoamericans
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4
,
ref 5

Mesopotamia
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4
,
ref 5

conquest of by Arabs (639)
ref 1

emergence of first cities
ref 1

and mathematics
ref 1

and religion
ref 1

see also
Akkadians; Babylon/Babylonians; Sumerians

Metaxas, General
ref 1

Mexico
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4

Michelangelo
ref 1

microscopes
ref 1

Middle East
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4
,
ref 5
,
ref 6
,
ref 7
,
ref 8
,
ref 9

Midway, battle of (1942)
ref 1

Milan
ref 1

Minoans
ref 1
,
ref 2

art and architecture
ref 1
,
ref 2

bull-leaping
ref 1

destruction of
ref 1

human sacrifice
ref 1

Knossos palace
ref 1

Minos, King
ref 1

Minotaur
ref 1

Minsky, Marvin
ref 1

missionaries

Christian
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4
,
ref 5

Jesuit
ref 1
,
ref 2

Missouri Compromise
ref 1

mitochondrial DNA
ref 1

Mitochondrial Eve
ref 1

Model T
ref 1

Mohacs, battle of
ref 1

Mohawks
ref 1
,
ref 2

Mohegan people
ref 1

Moi, Daniel arap
ref 1

Mongols
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4

break-up of empire
ref 1

brutality of
ref 1

conquest and rule of China
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4

conquests and expansion of empire
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4
,
ref 5
,
ref 6

and Genghis Khan
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4
,
ref 5

and Kublai Khan
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

monotheism
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4
,
ref 5
,
ref 6

Montagu, Lady Mary Wortley
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

Montezuma
ref 1

Monzi
ref 1

Moon
ref 1
,
ref 2

Moore, Gordon
ref 1

Moore’s law
ref 1

Moors
ref 1

Morel, Edmund
ref 1

Morgan, J.P.
ref 1

Moroccans
ref 1

Morris, Ian
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4

Moscow
ref 1

Moses
ref 1
,
ref 2

Mother (of human race)
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

Mountbatten, Lord
ref 1

Mozambique
ref 1

Mubarak, Hosni
ref 1

Mugabe, Robert
ref 1

Mughals
ref 1

Muhammad
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4

mulattos
ref 1
,
ref 2

Müntzer, Thomas
ref 1

Murad III, Sultan
ref 1

Musa, King
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

Muscovy Company
ref 1

Muslim League
ref 1

Muslims
ref 1

and Abbasid caliphate
ref 1
,
ref 2

and Africa
ref 1

and astrology
ref 1

coastal raids and slave-taking
ref 1

conquest of Spain
ref 1
, 197
see also
al-Andalus

conquests
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

contempt for Christian Europeans
ref 1

dialogues with Protestant rulers
ref 1

hatred of America by many
ref 1

and mathematics
ref 1

trade with China
ref 1

see also
Islam

Mussolini, Benito
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4

Mycenaeans
ref 1

 

Nagasaki
ref 1

Nanking, Treaty of (1842)
ref 1
,
ref 2

Napoleon Bonaparte
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4
,
ref 5
,
ref 6

National Academy of Sciences
ref 1

National Convention
ref 1
,
ref 2

nationalism
ref 1

and industrialization
ref 1

Native Americans
ref 1

agriculture
ref 1

attacks on by colonists and demonization of as savages
ref 1

destruction of after American Civil War
ref 1

impact of European settlers on
ref 1
,
ref 2

tribal systems
ref 1

native Australians
see
aboriginal Australians

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

Natufians
ref 1

navies

ancient Greece
ref 1

British
ref 1
, 376
see also
Royal Navy

Carthage
ref 1

Chinese
ref 1
,
ref 2

Nazarenes
ref 1
,
ref 2

Nazca
ref 1

Nazi-Soviet Pact (1939)
ref 1

Nazis
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

economic growth and policy
ref 1

factors explaining rise of
ref 1

see also
Hitler, Adolf

Neanderthals
ref 1
,
ref 2

Nebuchadnezzar, King
ref 1

Nehru, Jawaharlal
ref 1

Nehru, Motilal
ref 1

Nelmes, Sarah
ref 1

Nemesis
(paddle-steamer)
ref 1

Neolithic Britain
ref 1

belief systems
ref 1

burials
ref 1

settlements/towns
ref 1
,
ref 2

and Stonehenge
ref 1

Nero, Emperor
ref 1
,
ref 2

Netherlands
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

development of first stock market
ref 1

and imperialism
ref 1

invasion of Britain by William of Orange
ref 1

and Java/Javanese
ref 1
,
ref 2

rebellion (1785)
ref 1

and ‘rich trades’
ref 1
,
ref 2

settlements in South Africa
ref 1

tulip mania and bursting of bubble
ref 1
,
ref 2

wars of independence against Spain
ref 1

New Guinea
ref 1

New Model Army
ref 1

New York
ref 1

New York Society for the Suppression of Vice
ref 1

New Zealand
ref 1

Newcomen, Thomas
ref 1

newspapers

and British free press
ref 1

Newton, Isaac
ref 1
,
ref 2

Nicaea, Council of (325)
ref 1
,
ref 2

Nicene creed
ref 1

Nicholas I, Czar
ref 1

Nicholas II, Czar
ref 1

Niger, River
ref 1

Nigeria
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

Nile, River
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

Nineveh
ref 1
,
ref 2

Nippur
ref 1

nirvana
ref 1

Nixon, Richard
ref 1
,
ref 2

Nkomo, Joshua
ref 1

noble savage
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

nomads
ref 1

Non-Aligned Group
ref 1

Norman Conquest (1066)
ref 1

North Atlantic Treaty Organization
see
NATO

North, Lord
ref 1

Norwich, John Julius
ref 1
,
ref 2

Novgorod
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

Nubians
ref 1

Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (1968)
ref 1

Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty
ref 1

nuclear weapons
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4
,
ref 5

 

Octavian
see
Augustus, Emperor

ojos
ref 1
,
ref 2

Old Testament
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

Olga
ref 1

Olympias
ref 1

Olympic Games
ref 1

Onesimus (slave)
ref 1

opium
ref 1

opium trade
ref 1

Opium Wars
ref 1
,
ref 2

Oppenheimer, Robert
ref 1

Oppenheimer, Stephen
ref 1

Orkneys
ref 1
,
ref 2

Osaka castle, siege of (1614–15)
ref 1

Osiris
ref 1
,
ref 2

Ostrogoths
ref 1

Otto, Nikolaus
ref 1

Ottoman Empire
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

Christian fear of
ref 1

conquest of Constantinople (1453)
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

conquests and spread of
ref 1
,
ref 2

war with Venice
ref 1

 

Pagel, Mark
ref 1

Pakistan
ref 1
,
ref 2

Palestine
ref 1
,
ref 2

papacy
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4
,
ref 5