The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany (259 page)

Operations (code names):

Aida,
913

Alpine Violets,
821

Attila,
820–21

Axis,
1000
,
1001

Bernhard,
519
fn
.

Black (
Schwarz
),
1000

Citadel,
1006

Dynamo,
735

Eagle (
Adlerangriffe
),
774–75

Flash,
1018–21

Greif
,
1090
fn
.,
1092
fn
.

Hercules,
913

Himmler,
518

Isabella,
817

Marita,
823
,
824

Oak (
Eiche
),
1000
,
1003

Punishment,
826

Student,
1000

Sunflower,
821

Typhoon,
859

Winter Gale,
927

Oppeln,
519

Oppenheim,
1101
,
1102

Oradour-sur-Glane,
993

Oran,
923

Oranienburg,
272
,
571

Order Castles (
Ordensburgen
),
255

Ordnertruppe
,
42

Orel,
854
,
863
,
1006

Orleans,
1085

Orne river,
1038

Oshima, Gen. Hiroshi,
872
,
885
,
887–88
,
889
,
890
,
891
,
893
,
895
,
896

Oskar, Prince of Prussia,
907

Oskarsborg,
702–3

Oslo,
614
fn
.,
639
,
676
,
677
,
681
,
695
,
697
,
698
,
701
,
702–3
,
704
,
705
,
708
,
709
fn
.,
710
,
721

“Oslo” powers,
561

Ostend,
770

Oster, Col. Hans,
374
,
380
,
381
,
405
,
406–7
,
558
,
563
,
596
,
648–51
,
652
,
654
,
694
,
715–16
,
846
fn
.,
904
,
1017
,
1024
,
1073

Osthilfe (Eastern Relief),
180
,
181

“Ostiand,”
832

Ott, Gen. Eugen,
173
,
174
,
877
,
878
,
884
,
886
,
889
,
893
fn
.

Otto, Crown Prince, of Austria,
304
,
333–34
,
335

“Otto” (Code name),
810
;
see also
Case

Otto

Oumansky, Constantine,
544
fn
.,
843

Oven, Margarete von,
1035

Pacholegg, Anton,
985

Pacific,
873
,
875
,
877
fn
.,
901

Pact of Steel,
482–84
,
511
fn
.,
553
,
556
,
565
,
603

Paderewski, Ignace,
784

Palatinate,
1101

Palestine,
747
,
813

Pan-American Neutrality Patrol,
880

Pan-German Nationalists (Austrian),
22–25

Papen, Franz von,
3
,
4
,
56
fn
.,
167
,
169
,
170–75
,
189
,
191
,
192
,
196
,
216
,
227–29
,
234
,
321
fn
.,
357
,
1126
; background,
164–66
; intrigues with and against Hitler,
177–84
; named Vice-Chancellor and Prussian Premier,
183–86
; booted out of Prussian premiership,
204
; protests Nazi excesses,
215
,
218
,
219
; escapes purge,
222
,
223
; minister to Austria,
229
,
280
,
296
,
319
; role in Anschluss,
323–33
,
338
,
342
,
343
,
348
; acquitted at Nuremberg,
1142–43

Paris,
177
,
404
,
420
,
423
,
425
,
430
,
436–37
,
487
,
595
,
726
,
738
,
741
,
760
,
794
,
945
,
1054
,
1060
,
1074–75
,
1085

Paris Peace Conference,
359

Parsifal
(Wagner),
103

“Party Rally of Peace,”
467
,
518
,
562

Pas de Calais,
762
,
1037

Pasewalk,
29
,
32

Pastors’ Emergency League,
238

Patch, Gen. Alexander,
1086

Patria
, S.S.,
377

Patriotic Front,
338

Patton, Gen. George S.,
1076
,
1085
,
1086
,
1089
,
1093
,
1094
,
1101
,
1102

Paul, Prince Regent of Yugoslavia,
823

Paulus, Field Marshal Friedrich,
830
,
840
,
909
,
918
fn
.,
919
,
926–27
,
929–34
,
1014–15

Pearl Harbor,
870
,
887
,
888
,
891
,
892
,
893
,
894
,
896
,
899
,
901
fn
.

peasants, German,
91–94
,
236
,
256–57

Pechel, Rudolf,
558

Peenemunde,
1009

Peiper, Col. Jochen,
1095
fn
.

Peipus, Lake,
1052

Pemsel, Maj. Gen. Max,
1038
,
1039

People’s Court (Volksgericht),
269
,
375
,
1023
,
1025
fn
.,
1060
fn
.,
1068
,
1070–71
,
1072
,
1073
,
1074
,
1076–77
,
1079
,
1080

People’s Marine Division,
54
,
55

People’s Party, Bavarian,
see
Bavarian People’s Party

People’s Party, German,
see
German People’s Party

Pershing, Gen. John J.,
750
fn
.

Persia,
see
Iran

Persian Gulf,
805
,
809
,
829
,
915

Perth, Lord,
408

Pertinax (André Géraud),
390
,
424
fn
.

Petacci, Clara,
1005
,
1131

Pétain, Marshal Henri Philippe,
643
fn
.,
737
,
738
,
741
,
745–46
,
747
,
812
,
814–15
,
923–24

Peter, King of Yugoslavia,
823
,
826

Peters, Dr. Gerhard,
972

Petersberg,
391

Petersdorff, Captain von,
942

Petsamo,
811
,
846

Petzel, Gen. Walter,
557

Pfaffenberger, Andreas,
984

Philip, Prince of Hesse,
146
,
336
,
343
,
352
,
984
fn
.,
1003

Phipps, Sir Eric,
384
,
610
,
617

Picasso, Pablo,
244

Piedmont,
554

Pichelsdorf,
1129
,
1137

Pierlot, Hubert,
729

Piffraeder, Oberfuehrer,
1061

Pilsudski, Marshal Józef,
209
,
213
,
458

Pinder, Professor,
251

Pissa river,
629
,
631

Pitman, Key,
478
fn
.

Pittsburgh, Pa.,
358

Pius XI, Pope
235

Pius XII, Pope (Eugenio Pacelli),
234
,
561
,
648
,
693
,
747
,
1024

Plettenberg, Countess Elizabeth von,
1026

Ploen,
1134

Ploesti,
1085

Ploetzensee prison,
1071
,
1076

Poehner, Ernst,
71

Poelzl, Klara,
see
Hitler, Klara Poelzl

Poetsch, Dr. Leopold,
13

Pohl, Dr. Emil,
974

Pohl, Oswald,
963–64
,
974

Poincaré, Raymond,
61

Pokorny, Dr. Adolf,
979–80
,
990

Poland,
41
,
84
,
209
,
211
,
282
,
283
,
359
,
466
fn
.,
639–43
,
657
,
692
,
693
,
710
; created by Versailles Treaty,
58
,
458–59
; nonaggression pact with Hitler,
212–13
,
286
; relations with France,
212–13
,
295
,
299
,
306
,
426–27
,
457
,
458
; German plans for war with,
304
,
437
,
463
,
467–69
,
484–89
,
491
,
494
,
496–99
,
507–11
,
513
,
515–21
,
525–32
,
542
,
556–57
,
565
,
589–91
; policy toward Czechs,
362
,
368
,
377
,
387–88
,
417
fn
.,
421
; toward Russia,
377
,
457
,
459
,
460
,
464
,
469
,
478
,
495
,
460
,
536–37
,
543
; Hitler demands
461
, Danzig and Corridor,
455–61
,
462
,
463–71
,
499
,
500
; British, French
463
, representations in support of,
464
,
464–66
,
469
,
472
,
495
,
504
,
465
,
506
,
516–17
,
533–38
,
545–51
,
466
,
556–57
,
562
,
568–89
,
591–93
,
467
,
600–2
,
604–20
,
634
; Nazi–Soviet
468
, talks on partition of,
482
,
501
,
469
,
505
,
515–21
,
541–44
,
562
; Italy refuses to enter war against,
551
—57,
564–68
,
603–4
; German propaganda campaign against,
563–64
,
575–76
,
593–95
; German invasion and conquest of,
597
,
600
,
603
,
619–20
,
625–27
,
632
,
633
,
635
,
714–15
,
719
,
720
,
838
,
1124
; Russian invasion of,
626–32
,
639
; German occupation of,
659–65
,
687
,
782
,
796
,
799
,
808
,
832
,
839
,
842
,
904
,
937
,
938
,
944
,
945
,
947–48
,
950
,
956–58
,
964–68
,
974–79
,
993
,
1009
fn
.,
1139
,
1143
; liberation,
1007
,
1041
,
1090
,
1096–97

Polish Air Force,
600
,
625

Polish Army,
462
,
469
,
472
,
520
,
536–37
,
542
,
557
,
620
,
621
,
625
,
626
,
633–35
,
708

Polish Corridor,
212
,
455
,
457
,
461
,
462
,
464
,
465
,
471
,
497
,
509
,
546
,
563
,
569
,
572–73
,
575
,
576
,
577
,
582
,
583
,
608–9
,
625

Polish Navy,
695

Political Workers’ Circle,
36

Pomerania (Pomorze),
458
,
460
,
497
,
625

Popitz, Johannes,
373
,
659
,
670
,
846
fn
.,
904
,
907
,
908
,
1017
,
1023
,
1072