Taste: Surprising Stories and Science About Why Food Tastes Good (71 page)

Leon, Tessie,
292
–93

Leshem, Micah,
179
,
183

Letter, Jim,
125

lettuce,
112

tomato, and bacon sandwich,
255

Lieberman, Daniel,
312

Life Savers,
224

liking,
295
–96

lima beans,
164

lime,
187
,
231

Lin, Candice,
109
–10,
144

lips,
81
–82

liquids, measuring texture of,
92
–93

liver (food),
162
,
165

liver failure,
49
,
50

lobster bisque,
254

Logan, Paul,
196

low-fat diets,
100

low-fat food,
96

low-salt diet,
185
–87

Lufthansa, food tests of,
119

Lundström, Johan,
61
–63, 1678

Mac & Cheese, Five Tastes,
337
–38

McCarthy, Cormac,
310

McCormick,
60

McDonald’s,
260
–61

Maggi sauce,
246
–47

Maillard reaction,
180
,
222

Malson, Lucien,
285

Mandel, Abigail,
96
–98

Manzanita,
128

Má Pêche,
246

Marce, Giselle,
110

Margolskee, Bob,
33
,
34
,
49

marijuana,
289
–92

Maryland,
60
,
68
,
199
,
228

masking and enhancing flavors,
272
–73

Match the pH with the Beverage exercise,
238
.240

Mattes, Rick,
261
–62,
291
–92

Mattson,
1
–2,
10
,
42
–43,
60
,
65
,
135
–36,
144
–47,
288
,
294
,
315
–16

astronaut food and,
188
–89,
298

bitterness and,
195
,
198

cologne at,
66

fat wars and,
100

flavors at,
271

french fries and,
260
–61

meals at,
345
–46

measuring texture at,
92
–93

Menerba and,
205
–6

mutual suppression at,
182

soap at,
358

sourness at,
229
–30,
233

taste tests at,
111

meat,
10
,
110
,
221
,
222

high,
164

salt and,
182
,
245

umami and,
244
,
245
;
see also
beef

lamb

memory, smell and,
60
–61,
66
,
68

Menerba,
205
–6,
272
–73

Mennella, Julie,
161
–62

menstrual cycle,
167
,
284

Mercat a la Planxa,
99

merlot,
122

mice,
218
,
261
,
263

microorganisms,
355

Middione, Carlo,
300
–307,
316

Middione, Josefina,
301

Middione, Lisa,
301
–2,
305

Middione, Marco,
300
–301

middle of the taste,
41
,
215

milk,
38
,
56
,
83
,
134
,
231

breast,
159
,
162
,
247
,
247

in cheese,
161

chocolate,
235

in coffee,
200
,
232

cow’s,
247
,
247

fat in,
261

fresh vs. sour,
230

pasteurized,
161

mimicry,
110
–11,
158

mindful eating,
11
,
134
,
342
–46,
350

mindless eating,
340
,
342
,
350

mint,
52
,
98
,
288
,
307

miracle berry,
279
,
280

Miraval Resort,
344
,
345
,
346

misophonia,
128

moisture,
45
,
46

molasses,
221

molecular gastronomy,
64
–66,
97

Momofuku Ssäm,
246

Monell Chemical Senses Center,
6
,
33
–34,
61
,
62
,
96
–98,
161
–62,
206
,
239
,
309
,
317

monosodium glutamate (MSG),
39
,
139
,
245
,
249
,
253

in Isolating Umami exercise,
245
,
256
–57

Montes, Aurelio,
121

Moonen, Rick,
67

mouth,
41
–47,
57
,
355

cranial nerves and,
51

dry,
46
,
88
,
89
–90,
227
,
228
,
356

flavor and,
34
–35,
36

roof of (soft palate),
43
,
44
,
46

taste cells in,
51
,
263

taste committee in,
50
–51

temperature in,
99
;
see also
saliva

taste buds

teeth

tongue

mouthfeel,
2
,
92
,
138
,
217
,
219
,
232
,
261
,
262
,
290
,
308

mouthfulness,
249
,
251

mouth-smelling (retronasal olfaction),
44
,
44
,
45
,
46
,
51
,
56
,
92
,
270
,
306
,
351
,
357

appreciation of,
79
–80

disease and,
169
–70

nose-smelling vs.,
61
–64,
66
,
75
–77

movies,
27
–28,
60
,
293
–94

movie theaters,
124
,
125

mucoproteins,
88

mucus,
58
,
59
,
119

Mueller, Curt,
227
–28

multitasking,
134
,
348
–49

Musante, Gerard J.,
10
–11

mushrooms,
39
,
49
–50,
102
,
245
,
253

music,
119
–23,
127
,
294
,
339
–40

mustard,
170
,
235

mutual suppression,
181
–82,
192
–93

NASA,
188
,
296
–98,
322

natural and artificial flavors,
270
–71,
329

nausea,
84
,
264
,
317

neophobia,
163
–67

nerves,
89

chorda tympani,
22
,
23
,
24
,
51
,
59
,
304
,
353
,
354

cranial,
51
,
59

dental work and,
143

glossopharyngeal,
51
,
59
,
170
,
304

olfactory,
59
,
303
,
304
,
307
,
354

trigeminal,
see
trigeminal nerve

Nestlé,
246

Nestrud, Michael,
280

neutral foods,
108
,
230

New Glutton or Epicure, The
(Fletcher),
313

9 Beet Stretch
(Inge),
339
–40

Nontaster,
19

nose,
29
,
44
,
47
,
48
,
56
–59,
119
,
171
,
288

nose-smelling (orthonasal olfaction),
44
–45,
44
,
92
,
169
,
170
,
270
,
306
,
351
,
357

mouth-smelling vs.,
61
–64,
66
,
75
–77

Novinsky, Laurie,
308
–9

nutria,
165
–67,
172

nuts,
10
,
83
,
88
,
139
,
191
,
317

obesity, obese people,
91
,
92
,
249
,
278
,
314
,
318
,
323

Ocean Spray,
202

odor signature,
59

odor training,
304

oil,
10
,
237

olive,
97
–98,
166
,
175
,
200
,
301
,
302

Olestra,
262

olfactometers,
69
,
307

olfactory nerve,
59
,
303
,
304
,
307
,
354

olive oil,
97
–98,
166
,
175
,
200
,
301
,
302

Olsen, Erik,
148

O’Mahony, Michael,
47
,
132

onions,
107
,
109
,
112
,
222

soup with Gruyère cheese, French,
255

on-the-plate contrast,
94
–95

orange flavor,
206

orange juice,
48
,
73
,
90
,
106
,
235
,
265

O’Rourke, Sean,
305

overeating,
342
,
343

avoiding,
314
–15

theories of,
277
–78

oysters,
122
–23

pain,
110
,
286
,
302
,
307

capsaicin in treatment of,
98
–99

sugar and,
222
–23

trigeminal nerve and,
52
,
98
,
233

palate: cleansing of,
149
–50,
230
,
279
–80,
350

retraining of,
219

Paloncy, Marianne,
43

Parkinson’s disease,
23
,
170
–71

Parmesan cheese,
40
,
245
,
247
,
250
,
282
,
331

pasta,
63
–64,
158
,
185
,
319
,
320

Five Tastes Mac & Cheese,
337
–38

pasteurization,
73
,
270

Pavlov, Ivan,
61

peaches,
112
,
270

peach nectar,
270
,
271

peanuts, honey-roasted,
191

peas,
111
,
298

Pelchat, Marcia,
33

pepperoni,
271

pizza,
51
,
250
,
291
,
315

peppers,
92
,
172
,
186

chile,
52
,
98
,
280
–81,
285
–87,
352

Pepsico,
321
,
323

Pepsi Dry,
323

Perchonok, Michele,
296
–98

perfume,
68
,
159
,
270
–71,
358

Peyton, Nick,
4

pH,
220
,
230
–32,
231
,
234
,
238
,
240

phantosmias,
303

pharmaceutical companies,
271
–72

phenolic acids,
197

Physiology of Taste, The
(Brillat-Savarin),
5
–6

phytonutrients,
195
,
202

pickles, pickled vegetables,
237
,
255

pizza,
185
,
250
,
271

pepperoni,
51
,
250
,
291
,
315

pleasure,
43
,
277
,
278
,
279
,
283
,
293
–96,
340
–42,
358

Pliner, Patricia,
165
,
166
,
318
–19,
320

Poespowidjojo, Saji,
328

poisons, poisoning,
44
,
160
,
164

bitterness and,
39
,
161
,
197

mushrooms,
49
–50

polyethylene glycol,
158

polyphenols,
88
,
197
,
202

pomegranate juice,
165

pomegranates,
88
,
202

popcorn,
124
,
293
–94,
343

pork,
221
,
233
,
237
,
271
,
284