Taste: Surprising Stories and Science About Why Food Tastes Good (70 page)

fermentation,
230
,
252
,
265
,
328

anaerobic,
62
,
63

finish phase,
215
–16

fish,
317

flavor preferences and,
161
,
162

halibut in beurre blanc sauce,
57
–58

surströmming,
62
–63,
163

tuna,
165
,
187

Fisher, M. F. K.,
5

fish sauce,
146
,
203
,
252
,
253
,
332

5-Minute Raisin d’Etre exercise,
343
–44,
347

Five Tastes Mac & Cheese,
337
–38

Five Tastes Smoky Tomato Soup,
334
–36

Five Tastes Tower (Cyrus’s),
4
–5,
94
–95

flavonoids,
197
,
202

flavor,
3
,
29
,
34
–36,
48
,
57
,
266
,
291

balancing of,
330
–31

business and chemistry of,
269
–81

chewing and,
44

defined,
35
,
42
,
269
–70

effects of sound on,
118
–19,
121
–23

fats and,
261

out of balance,
51

principles of,
166

rancid,
10

slurping and,
45

without smell,
55

smell and,
58
,
66
,
70
–72,
273
,
278

in space,
297
–98

of tomatoes,
35
,
70
–73

umami and,
251
–52

uterine exposure to,
161
–62

flavor companies (flavor houses),
269
,
272

Fleischman, Adam,
250

Fletcher, Horace,
313

flowers,
66

flus,
22
,
288
,
354

fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging),
275
–78,
295

foie gras,
165

Food and Drug Administration, U.S. (FDA),
205
,
234
,
270
,
280
,
306

food choices and preferences,
10
,
15
–16,
26
,
28
,
317
–18,
350

Foundation Fighting Blindness (FFB),
103
,
104

fragrance,
270
–71

Fragrant Flashback,
60
–61,
66
,
68
,
345

Frankenthaler, Stan,
242
–43,
254
,
340

Fredman, Cameron,
82
–85,
94
,
309

french fries,
253
,
260
–61,
282

French onion soup with Gruyère cheese,
255

freshness, perception of,
71

Freymiller, Tiffany,
125

Frito-Lay,
187
,
188
,
189

Frito-Lay’s SunChips,
126

frozen food,
86
,
183
,
260
–61

fructose,
38
,
220

fruit,
38
,
158
,
220
,
317
,
320
,
343

citrus,
56
,
328

flavor in,
70

shopping for,
105
,
112

sourness and,
228

texture of,
86
;
see also specific fruit

Galvin, Pat,
327
–28

garlic,
161
,
162
,
166
,
170

gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (GC-MS),
71
,
141

gas leaks,
67
,
305

gastrointestinal chemosensation,
49

Generalized Labeled Magnitude Scale (gLMS),
142
–43

genetics,
104
n,
171
,
279
,
307

bitterness and,
197
–98,
203
,
206
–7

hearing problems and,
21

saliva and,
96

smell and,
61

sweetness and,
215

taster types and,
22
,
24
–25,
161

ginger,
98
,
166

Gladwell, Malcolm,
143

glossopharyngeal nerve,
51
,
59
,
170
,
304

glucose,
220
,
228

glutamates,
39
,
228
,
244
–47,
249
,
252
–53,
255
;
see also
monosodium glutamate

glutamic acid,
253

gluten,
185

gluten intolerance (celiac disease),
185

Goldman, Jessica,
184
–87,
189

Goldstein, Beth,
178
–79,
184

Gorski, Rich,
109
–10,
144

Gort, Ilia,
56

Gouda cheese,
247
–48,
290

grapefruit,
181
–82,
191
,
203

grape jelly and jam,
170
–71,
217
,
220

grape juice,
217
,
220
,
327
,
328

grapes,
89
,
170
,
243
,
265

gravity,
90
,
297
,
298

Green, Barry,
98
–99,
142

green beans,
110
,
111
,
298

greens, bitter,
199
–200,
202
,
331

grilled cheese sandwich,
149
,
255

grocery stores,
99
,
105
,
109
,
112
,
127
,
145
,
220
,
302
,
321
–23

Gruyère cheese, French onion soup with,
255

Guide Culinaire, Le
(Escoffier),
253

Gundrum, Steve,
292
–93

gustation,
42

Hafter, Ervin,
130

hair, in food,
283
,
284

halibut in beurre blanc sauce,
57
–58

ham,
246

hamachi tostada (Animal’s),
251
–52

hamburgers,
40
,
250
–51,
255
,
275

Hammel, Eunice and Johnny,
310

Hanni, Tim,
279

headaches,
52
,
245
,
264

head injuries,
23
,
302
,
307
–8,
353
–54

health,
184
–87,
219
,
298
,
312
–24

hearing problems,
21
,
124
–26

heartburn,
232

heart disease,
97
–98,
202
,
321

Hear Your Favorite Foods exercise,
131

heat,
45
,
46
,
86
,
97
,
100
,
355
–56

aroma and,
56
–57

volatiles and,
73
,
74
–75,
204
,
233
,
270
,
298
,
356

hedonic, hedonics,
128
,
136
,
196
,
322

herpes virus,
22
,
354

herring, surströmming
,
62
–63,
163

Hershey’s,
196
,
220

high blood pressure (hypertension),
172
,
184
,
306
,
318
,
320
–21,
323

Hinkle, Sam,
196

Hirsch, Alan,
314
,
315

Hirsch, Joy,
275
–77

hollandaise,
252
,
262

honey,
89
,
204
,
215
,
219

-roasted nuts,
191

hospitals,
159
–60,
179
,
302

hot flashes, remedy for,
205
–6,
272
–73

hot sauce,
144
,
146
,
172
,
235
,
237

How Brix Changes Perception of Sour exercise,
238
–39

How Heating Affects Volatiles exercise,
74
–75

Hsia, Samson,
189
,
271

human being vs. human instrument,
134
–37

Hummel, Thomas,
304

Humphry Slocombe Secret Breakfast ice cream,
84

hunger,
287
–88,
314
,
315
,
316
,
318
–19

hydrochloric acid,
232

hydrocolloids,
65

HyperTasters,
19
,
20
–28,
46
,
102
,
141
,
167
,
203
,
262
,
277
,
286
,
287
,
317
,
350

hyponatremia,
179

ibuprofen,
97
,
202
,
273

ice cream,
122
,
233
,
275
,
315

Chubby Hubby,
290

chunky superpremium,
84
–85

fat-free and low-fat,
96
,
262

strawberries in,
99

ice wine,
147

Identifying Food Without Its Texture exercise,
101

Ikeda, Kikunae,
242
,
245
,
254

Indian food,
292
–93,
395

infant formula,
160

Inge, Leif,
339
–40

initial or up-front taste,
41

Instron,
92

insulin,
218
–19

insurance,
56
,
64
,
69

International Flavors & Fragrances (IFF),
272
,
273

Irritastes,
97
–99,
170
–71,
214
,
233
,
286

Isolating Acid and Alkaline Tastes exercise,
240
–41

Isolating Umami exercise,
245
,
249
,
256
–57

Italian restaurants,
293
,
300
–302,
304
–5

jalapeños,
98
,
237
,
298

Japan,
161
,
166
,
323

umami and,
36
,
39
,
243
,
245
–46,
249
,
251
,
252

jaw,
45
,
309
,
310
,
312
,
314
,
353

Jell-O brand,
95
–96

jelly and jam,
106
,
170
–71,
217
,
220
,
235

jelly beans,
35

Jolly Ranchers,
224

Joubert, Dereck,
285

juices,
204
,
235

apple,
106

carrot,
161
–62

grape,
217
,
220
,
327
,
328

lemon,
48
,
166
,
172
,
181
,
200
,
204
,
282
,
328

orange,
48
,
73
,
90
,
106
,
235
,
265

pomegranate,
165

tomato,
263

Junnell, Ryan,
339
–40

kale,
203
,
208

Keane, Douglas,
4
–5,
8
–9,
51
,
56
,
94
–95,
280
,
289

Kelleher, Stephen,
264

Kellogg’s laboratories,
183

Kelly, Tom,
12

ketchup,
145
–46,
235
,
253
,
331

kidney failure,
49
,
50
,
185

kidney stones,
142
–43

Klee, Harry,
55
,
70
–72,
202

kombu,
251

Korean barbecue restaurants,
127
–28

Korean grocery stores,
109

Kraft Foods,
7

Krautt, Ken,
273

Kurlansky, Mark,
183

lactic acid,
231

lactose,
38
,
159

lamb,
66
,
236
,
282

lasagna,
63
–64

Last Lions, The
(film),
285

Lee, Susur,
67

Lehrer-Stein, Janni,
104
–5,
108
–9

lemonade,
56
,
181

lemon flavor,
206

lemon juice,
38
,
166
,
172
,
181
,
200
,
204
,
282
,
328

lemons,
38
–39,
88
,
92
,
208
,
229
, zest, 16