Life on a Young Planet (49 page)

chirality,
79

chlorophyll,
21
,
86

chloroplast,
122
,
133
,
241
; origins of,
123
–
131
; phylogeny of,
128

choanoflagellates,
180
–
181

cholesterol,
94

chordates,
180
,
186
,
191
,
194
,
222

Christie-Blick, Nick,
214

chromosomes,
132
,
196

ciliates,
77
,
127
,
138
,
150
,
215

Cladophora
, fossil counterpart of,
149
,
plate 2

clams,
40
,
185
; fossil,
34

Clemett, Simon,
230

Cloud, Preston,
95
,
103
–
104
,
164
,
174

Cloudina
,
174
–
177
,
185
,
221

Cnidaria,
169
–
170
,
180
,
183
–
184
,
194
,
197
,
202
,
204
,
222
; colonial,
169
; possible early fossils of,
166
,
plate 5

cnidocyte(s),
183

Coevolution, of life and environments,
5
,
31
,
224

collagen,
218

comb jellies,
191

compressions, fossil,
144
–
146
,
154
,
plate 5

Compston, William,
55

continents, origin of,
67

convergence (evolutionary),
18
,
112
–
113

Conway Morris, Simon,
192

Coonterunah succession,
70

Copernicus, Nicolaus,
244
,
246

corals,
40
,
183
–
184
; fossil tubes resembling tiny,
148
; photosymbionts in,
123
,
126

creationists,
245

creation stories,
244

crib death,
245

Crick, Francis,
77
,
82

Crowley, Tom,
214
–
215

crown groups,
187
–
188
,
193

cryptophytes,
129

Cyanobacteria,
22
,
40
–
44
,
101
,
108
–
111
,
115
,
117
–
120
,
126
,
128
–
129
,
131
,
139
,
143
–
144
,
150
–
152
,
159
,
174
,
210
,
218
,
241
,
243
,
plate 1
; antiquity of,
67
,
93
–
94
; biomarkers of,
94
; cell differentiation in,
110
–
111
; as endosymbionts,
123
–
124
; evolution of,
110
,
113
–
115
; fossils in Belcher Islands rocks,
93
,
plate 3
; fossils in Bil’yakh rocks,
108
,
110
–
111
,
plate 4
; fossils in Bitter Springs Formation,
143
; fossils in Nama rocks,
164
; fossils in Spitsbergen rocks,
32
,
40
–
43
,
plate 2
; photosynthesis in,
86
; phylogeny of,
112
; possible fossils in late Archean rocks,
93
; stasis in,
113
–
115

Cyclomedusa
,
166

cytoskeleton,
133
,
137
,
153
–
154
,
157

Darwin, Charles,
1
,
11
–
15
,
17
–
20
,
24
,
31
,
49
,
72
–
73
,
84
–
85
,
124
,
161
–
162
,
177
–
178
,
243
–
244
,
246

Darwin, Erasmus,
73

Davies, Paul,
236

Deamer, David,
82

De Duve, Christian,
17

Delwiche, Charles,
130

Derbesia
,
166

Derry, Lou,
218

Descartes, René,
245

Des Marais, David,
105

Deuterostomia,
186
,
200

development, animal,
182
–
183
,
186
,
189
,
195
–
200
,
221
–
222
,
224

diatoms,
127
,
138

Dickinsonia
,
168
–
169
,
plate 7

dinoflagellates,
127
,
129
,
131
,
138
,
215
; earliest records of,
150

dinosaurs,
1
,
4
,
17
,
44
,
165
,
177
,
199
,
220
–
221
,
232
,
243

diplomonads,
127

distal-less
,
196
–
197

diversity, biological,
5
,
16

DNA,
17
,
24
,
46
,
75
,
78
–
79
,
81
–
83
,
86
,
124
,
132
,
241

dolomite,
36
,
105
,
116
–
117
,
140
–
142

domains (of life),
24
,
68

Doushantuo Formation,
140
–
141
,
143
,
146
–
149
,
162
,
216
; age of,
141
; fossils in,
144
–
149
,
206
,
plate 5

Dreamtime, aboriginal,
244

dropstone(s),
141

DuBois, Blanche,
132

Dunlop, John,
57

Dyson, Freeman,
81
–
82