God’s Traitors: Terror & Faith in Elizabethan England (72 page)

6
     Gerard,
Narrative
, p. 55; Tesimond,
Narrative
, pp. 61, 80.

7
     PRO SP 14/14, f. 106v.

8
     BL Add. MS 39828, f. 169r.

9
     Ibid., 150r; TP, pp. 60–1;
APC
, XXI, pp. 360, 368–9, 384, 386, 422, 467, 470.

10
   Wake, ‘The Death of Francis Tresham’, p. 39.

11
   M. Nicholls, ‘Catesby, Robert’,
ODNB
;
The Parish Register of Rushton
, ed. P. A. F. Stephenson (Leeds, 1930), I, pp. 18, 40. Baby Thomas Tresham, who only lived for eight months, was buried on 31 March 1599. His twin sister, Lucy, survived and, in accordance with her father’s dying wish, became a nun (Wake, ‘The Death of Francis Tresham’, p. 39).

12
   Quinn,
Voyages
, pp. 71–5, and associated documents; Merriman, ‘Some Notes’, pp. 492–500.

13
   Quinn,
Voyages
, doc. 87.

14
   Hughes,
History of the Society of Jesus in North America
, p. 5.

15
   Quinn,
Voyages
, doc. 90.

16
   Hughes,
History of the Society of Jesus in North America
, p. 4.

17
   Sorlien,
Diary of John Manningham
, p. 208; McClure,
Letters of John Chamberlain
, p. 188.

18
   Harington,
Nugae Antiquae
, II, pp. 134, 264; Alford,
Burghley
, pp. 188–9; Razzell,
Two Travellers
, p. 70.

19
   Caraman,
Garnet
, p. 305.

20
   Doleman [pseud.],
A conference about the next succession to the crown of Ingland
[1594]; Nicholls,
Investigating Gunpowder Plot
, p. 69.

21
   McClure,
Letters of John Chamberlain
, p. 190; M. Nicholls, ‘Catesby, Robert’,
ODNB
.

22
   Stubbs,
Donne
, p. 179.

23
   Croft, ‘The Gunpowder Plot Fails’, in Buchanan et al.,
Gunpowder Plots
, pp. 9–14 (quotation at p. 13).

24
   BL Add. MS 39829 ff. 95–101 (quotations at 99v, 100r); Kaushik, ‘Resistance, Loyalty and Recusant Politics’, pp. 60–1, p. 71
n
.

25
   Vallance, ‘The Ropers and Their Monuments’, p. 150; Gerard,
Narrative
, pp. ccxlvi, 27.

26
   Wormald, ‘Gunpowder, Treason, and Scots’, p. 148.

27
   Gerard,
Narrative
, p. 21; TP, p. xxv; Caraman,
Garnet
, p. 305.

28
   Nicholls,
Investigating Gunpowder Plot
, p. 69.

29
   Wormald, ‘Gunpowder, Treason, and Scots’, p. 149.

30
   Nicholls,
Investigating Gunpowder Plot
, p. 132.

31
   Jones, ‘Journal of Levinus Munck’, p. 247;
Markham Memorials
, I, pp. 96–101; HMC Salisbury, 12, p. 229; M. Nicholls, ‘Watson, William’,
ODNB
; Fraser,
The Gunpowder Plot
, pp. 63–5; Hogge,
God’s Secret Agents
, pp. 309–314.

32
   BL Add. MS 39829, f. 105r; Harington,
Nugae Antiquae
, II, p. 227.

33
   Caraman,
Garnet
, pp. 310, 313, 315.

34
   Croft, ‘The Gunpowder Plot Fails’, in Buchanan et al.,
Gunpowder Plots
, p. 16; Fraser,
The Gunpowder Plot
, pp. 84–5, 88–90; Hodgetts, ‘Certificate’, I, p. 19; Gerard,
Narrative
, p. 181; Camm,
Forgotten Shrines
, pp. 320–2.

35
   Wormald, ‘Gunpowder, Treason, and Scots’, pp. 150–1.

36
   Gerard,
Narrative
, p. 25.

20
Desperate Attempts

1
     J. Wormald, ‘James VI and I’,
ODNB
; ibid., ‘Gunpowder, Treason, and Scots’, p. 149.

2
     HMC Salisbury, 17, p. 513; Nicholls,
Investigating Gunpowder Plot
, pp. 37–9, 57, 69. For a detailed examination of the various strands of the ‘Spanish treason’, and the identification of Anthony Dutton as one of the petitioners, see Loomie, ‘Guy Fawkes in Spain’.

3
     ‘His Majesty’s Speech …’, p. 248.

4
     Tesimond,
Narrative
, p. 88.

5
     Nicholls, ‘Strategy and Motivation’, p. 790; PRO SP 77/7, ff. 329v, 331v; PRO SP 12/271, f. 56r.

6
     Gardiner, ‘Two Declarations’, p. 514; ‘His Majesty’s Speech …’, p. 248. For what follows, I have also drawn on the scholarship of Fraser and Nicholls.

7
     Barlow,
The Gunpowder-Treason
, p. 250; Nicholls, ‘Strategy and Motivation’, pp. 794–6, 803.

8
     Fraser,
The Gunpowder Plot
, pp. 102, 110, 132–3.

9
     Wake, ‘The Death of Francis Tresham’, p. 37.

10
   Travers,
Gunpowder
, p. 41.

11
   Gerard,
Narrative
, pp. 50, 56; Loomie,
English Polemics
, p. 80.

12
   Travers,
Gunpowder
, p. 115.

13
   Tesimond,
Narrative
, p. 105.

14
   PRO SP 14/19, f. 19r; SP 14/18, f. 182v; SP 14/216, nos 70, 188, 214, 240.

21
Quips and Quiddities

1
     McClure,
Letters of John Chamberlain
, p. 205.

2
     
King Lear
, Act 1, Scene 2.

3
     Caraman,
Garnet
, p. 327.

4
     PRO E 101/433/3, f. 26r; SP 14/17, f. 83r; SP 14/216, nos 182, 240, f. 196r.

5
     PRO SP 14/216, nos 103, 105, 141, 147, 156, 229, 230; CP, 113, ff. 70, 148.

6
     Travers,
Gunpowder
, p. 42.

7
     Tesimond,
Narrative
, pp. 80, 100.

8
     Gee,
The Foot out of the Snare
, pp. 121–2; Gerard,
Autobiography
, pp. 46–8; Gerard,
Narrative
, pp. 275, 284–5; Garnet,
A Summe of Christian Doctrine
, pp. 625–6. Garnet added three supplements to his translation of Peter Canisius’s catechism, which was printed at his secret press in London
c
.1592–6: on the veneration of images, on indulgences and on pilgrimages. For more on the well, see Walsham, ‘Holywell’.

9
     ARSI Anglia 37, f. 265v (from discs held at ABSI); Caraman,
Garnet
, pp. 298–9.

10
   Larkin and Hughes,
Stuart Royal Proclamations
, p. 133; Hogge,
God’s Secret Agents
, p. 335.

11
   Redworth,
Letters of Luisa de Carvajal
, I, pp. 115, 196, 282; II, pp. 39, 195. Also, Redworth,
The She-Apostle
, pp. 106–9, 114, 128–9.

12
   Owen Rees (‘Music in an English Catholic House’, pp. 272–3) has recently argued that Garnet’s order to Luisa’s escort to take her directly to ‘su casa’ could refer to the escort’s house just as well as Garnet’s. The latter, however, still seems more likely in light of the similarity of Luisa and Garnet’s accounts of the house’s discovery and their subsequent flight ‘in several parties’. If Luisa did stay at one of Garnet’s houses, it would have to have been no more than two days away from London, since Garnet departed on 7 June (the day after the octave of Corpus Christi) and met Catesby in London on the 9th. Perhaps Erith is the most likely site (Luisa’s reference to ‘a pleasant paradise amid dense woods full of wild beasts’ is surely a simile), though Garnet and the sisters had probably only had the house since about November 1603 (CP, 112, f. 137), which is a shorter duration than the ‘more than three years’ specified by Luisa. Garnet’s later reference to ‘Corpus Christi lodging’ (PRO SP 14/19, f. 19v) might have been to Erith, or somewhere else, but was not to White Webbs.

13
   HMC Salisbury, 17, p. 611. Also Harley,
William Byrd
, pp. 142–4.

14
   Rees, ‘Music in an English Catholic House’, p. 273.

15
   Foley,
Records
, IV, p. 141.

16
   PRO SP 14/19, f. 87r; SP 14/216/212; Gardiner, ‘Two Declarations’, p. 515; HMC Salisbury, 18, pp. 109–110, 138.

17
   Gardiner, ‘Two Declarations’, pp. 510–11, 517; HMC Salisbury, 18, pp. 96, 107.

18
   Hogge,
God’s Secret Agents
, pp. 333–4.

19
   Tesimond,
Narrative
, pp. 81–2, 87, 90.

20
   HMC Salisbury, 18, p. 108.

21
   Tesimond,
Narrative
, p. 82.

22
   PRO SP 14/216/200.

23
   Gardiner, ‘Two Declarations’, pp. 511–12. It seems unlikely that Garnet would have fabricated this conversation as it reveals him discussing matters of state. That Tresham advocated waiting to see what laws would be made in Parliament is corroborated by his servant Vavasour’s later account (Wake, ‘The Death of Francis Tresham’, p. 37). However, one cannot rule out an element of revenge in the treacherous words that Garnet attributes to Lord Monteagle, the man who would betray the plot to the authorities. See Nicholls,
Investigating Gunpowder Plot
, p. 77.

24
   Gardiner, ‘Two Declarations’, p. 512; Caraman,
Garnet
, pp. 321–2.

25
   Gardiner, ‘Two Declarations’, pp. 512–13, 515.

26
   Ibid., pp. 513–15, 517; Tesimond,
Narrative
, p. 91; Loomie,
English Polemics
, p. 80.

27
   PRO SP 14/216, nos. 121, 153, 240; Walsham, ‘Holywell’, pp. 229–30.

28
   Gardiner, ‘Two Declarations’, p. 515.

29
   PRO SP 14/216/200.

30
   Mary Morgan deposed that ‘her husband & she serveth at Grant’s’ (PRO SP14/216/105, f. 158v).

31
   Ibid.; Travers,
Gunpowder
, pp. 41–2, 43; M. Nicholls, ‘Percy, Thomas’,
ODNB
.